Physical description of manuscript
Support
Parchment, smooth, some of mediocre quality, some flaying flaws, patches (e.g. f.99, 182); quires
generally with hair-side outermost.
Extent: ii+232+iii f
Size: 285 mm x 195 mm
Foliation
foliated 1-232, with 92 and 176 repeated.
Secundo folio: prima cogitacio
Collation1-412, 510 (5 and 6, f.54-55, singletons stuck together), 6-1212, 1312 wants 12 (blank ?) after f.153, 14-1912, 208 wants 7-8 (blank ?) after f.230, 212. Inner 2 back flyleaves medieval.
Catchwords: Catchwords on quires 4-10, 14 and 17-19.
Signatures: Rectos numbered in soft brown below the outer column in the first half of quires 1, 4-5, 13-14; or, quires 17-18, at lower right, and, quire 18, lettered rather than numbered. The leaves simply lettered in soft brown at the foot, starting with the first verso, in the first half or more of quires 10-11, 15 and 19.
Condition of manuscriptSome prickings, sidenotes and catchwords cropped. Text at feet of f.231-2 cropped. Liquid splashes on f.67v.
Layout
Pricking in outer margin only, except, f.225-226, inner margin also. Written space c. 225-230 x 135-140 mm. Ruling in brown, generally soft, with double pricks for two or three writing lines generally extended outwards at top and bottom, also two or three medial lines on f.2-17v (11-24), 60r-142v (61-1212), and 177-194 (161-176); outer vertical of writing space doubled in quires 6-20, with a further single vertical in outer margin in quires 6 and 11-17, or pair of verticals in quires 8-10 and 18-20; pair of horizontals in lower margin of quires 6-11, 15-176 and 193-4. Two columns, 46-50 lines; except added f.231-2, 48-50 long lines, unruled, approximately 280 x 170 mm.
Script
Written in gothic minuscule , below top ruled line, with mostly open headed a, of mediocre quality but practised, by four to six hands, of varying size and some difficult to distinguish:
hand 1 f.2r-4v; hand 2 (much neater) f.4r-13v; hand 1 again f.14 (21)-18rb/8; f.18rb/9?-49vb/22 hand 3? (smaller than 1 but of the same type); f.49vb/23-50ra/6 a change of pen and ink only; f.50ra/7-50va hand 3 again; f.50vb-52va hand 4 (same type but larger, 46 lines per column); f.52vb-59vb hand again; f.60 (61)-67ra/15 hand 2 again; f.67ra/15-68va/1 hand 5?; f.68va/2-130v hand 2 again; f.131ra/1-132vb darker ink; f.133r-142v hand 2 again; f.143r (131)-165v hand 3 again?; and f.166 (151)-229, 51 lines per column, hand 1 or 3?. Guide-wording in brown in lower margins for rubrics, which are often forced into side margins for lack of space provided, and not executed in the space provided on f.11v, nor f.45v-61r, 132r-153r. The added sermons on f.231-2 are by one early 14th century large anglicana, leftward-leaning.
Decoration
Text capitals touched with red, f.60r-129v (61-1111), 160v-165v (147-12), and 225-229 (quire 20). Paraphs, f.1r, red and blue alternately; f.198v-200r, in red, or in ink lined with red; f.209v-212r and 215v-228v, in red. Initials: (i) to sermons, 2 or 3 line: (a) f.2v-59v, alternately blue or red, with, f.14v-16r, 26v-27v, 29v, 34r, 50r-59v, flourishing in the other colour; (b) f. 61r-95r, 169v-175r, in red, with flourishing in brown; (c) f.96v-116r, alternately green or red, with, f.96v-108r, 111v, 116r, flourishing in the other colour; (d) f.117r-168r, 176r-228r, in red; (ii) to opening, f.2r, 6 line, in blue decorated with red, with red infilling and flourishing, and an extension (J-border) down part of left edge of text block composed of alternately red and blue I form sections 15-20 mm high. The differences suggest that f.2-59, 60-94, 95-108, 109-168, 169-175, 176-228 were done by separate hands.
Corrections and annotation
Heavy corrections conspicuous on f.4-13, 61rb-71vb and 104v-106r; a substantial supply in browner ink on ruling in the lower margins of f.47v-48r, some in hands of text, others (e.g. f.114v-115r) much more cursive than text. Parchment patch 22 x 31 mm stuck over second half of lines 5-9 of f.2vb, by same hand over its prior text.
Sidenotes in the text hands, f.38r-v, 62v 118v (in red) and boxed in black f.119r-153v. Many sidenotes in earlier 14th century current brown anglicana, f.2r-64v and 153v-196r. Six lines of plummet notes in lower margin of f.75r and 126v.
Early 14th century note on f.77ra, “quere signum hoc * in cedula cotata (?) in tergo cedule”: nothing that could be called a cedula (i.e. an inserted piece) is now in the manuscript. 13th/14th century Arabic serial numbers, 1-201, alongside beginning of each sermon and also in top outside corners of pages. 14th/15th century indexing letters, in margins throughout. The sermons running from f.76v-83r have an additional early 14th century numeration, 1-4.
Binding
Sides, preserved on post-medieval wooden boards, of blind stamped brown calf, with a pattern of three spaced fillets and groups of four dots in the corner intersections, enclosing two panels within each other punctuated with more dots, and 3 stamps of romanesque style: fleur-de-lys (triangular, each side 22 mm), a plant (droplet-shaped shield, 25 mm max.), and a crowned figure, genuflecting and holding up a candle (23 x 16 mm); evidence of former single fastening at the centre of the fore-edge on upper cover and possibly of pin at the centre of lower cover. Rebound with new spine and clasps in mid 19th century by Tuckett. Rust-marks close to the fore-edge on f.i-9 and 229-30, perhaps from a clasp and catch, are not matched by marks on f.231-2 or on the lower cover, and may therefore be evidence of a previous binding. Dr C. De Hamel has suggested that the combination of romanesque-style stamps with fillets and dots may be associated with the revival of blind-stamping in fifteenth-century England, see Pollard 1970, 201-2. On the binding see Hobson 1938, 241-2; Doyle 1984 (with plates of both covers); Schmidt-Künsemüller, no.111 (with diagrams).
Manuscript history
Creation
Written in England,
mid 13th century.
Provenance
Item (13) suggests that the manuscript belonged Durham Cathedral Priory by about 1279; notes at foot of f.2r are in a similar hand. “O. Sermones Odonis Abbatis D<e communi amariolo?...>” [second half of upper margin cut off], at head of f.2r, in a 14th/15th century hand commonly responsible for inscribing Durham Cathedral Priory manuscripts; the book is recorded in the catalogue of the cloister collection, 1395, Durham Cathedral Library MS. B.IV.46, f.29v in the Sermones diversi section: “O. Sermones Odonis Abbatis iio. fo. prima cogitacio”.
Bookplate with heart-like shield bearing two pheons and a fleur-de-lys, printed in red with initials `P.D.C.' [Philip, died 1667, or Peter de Cardonnel ?], mounted and tipped in between f.1 and 2, probably transferred from another book (possibly a Cosin medical manuscript, since Pierre de Cardonnel owned BL MSS Sloane 213 and 316).
Inscription: f.1v “Geo. Davenport. 1664. Donum viri integerrimi Nicolai Frevil Armigeri. 1664.”, and Davenport's bibliographical notes on Odo of Cluny, of Battle and of Cheriton, with comments and on the lack of relation of items in this volume to the first named. Freville (died 1673) probably obtained the volume from Durham (see also Cosin MS V.iii.1). Ex-libris and shelf-mark by Thomas Rud on f.3r.
Manuscript contents
(1)
f.2
r-44
r
Thirty six sermons, of untraced authorship, most De tempore, but with several De sanctis interspersed at roughly appropriate points; the first part of (1ac) is repeated as (1l). Copies of individual sermons are recorded elsewhere: (1h) perhaps in Cambridge Gonville & Caius Coll. MS 233/119 (Schneyer viii, 241 no. 27); (1j) in Paris BN MS lat. 2995 f.127r; (1l) and (1ac) ibid. f.125v and Avranches MS 126 (Johannes Halgrin de Abbatisvilla, Schneyer iii 510) f.57v; (1w) in Oxford, Bodl. MS Laud misc. 511 f.178v (Schneyer ix, 68 no. 182); (1aa)-(1ab) in Durham Cathedral Library MS A.III.12, attributed to Robert Grosseteste by Thomson, no.69-70, p. 190 (Schneyer v, 190 nos 255-6).
f.44r last 7 lines blank.
(1a) f.2
rIncipit: State et pugnate contra inimicos uestros. et postea accipietis spolia. [cf. I Macc. 4:18] Orate ut dominus aperiat mihi hostium sermonis. Verba sunt apostoli ad Colossenses circa finem [cf. 4:3]. Si ergo apostolus petit suffragia illorum quibus predicat
Language: Latin
(1b) f.2
vIncipit: Qui reminiscimini domini ... detis silencium ei [Is 62:6 7] Salomon in Prouerbiis [2:4]. Si quesieris sapientiam quasi pecuniam et sicut thesauris effoderis eam tunc inuenies scientiam fratres mei karissimi
Language: Latin
(1c) f.3
vIncipit: Sermo ad claustrales. Symon dormis [Marc. 14:37]. Per hoc uerbum domini facta est increpacio petro per quod etiam potest intelligi increp o torpentis religiosi
Language: Latin
(1d) f.4
vIncipit: Dominica .ija. in aduentu domini. Filius hominis ueniet in potestate magna [cf. Luc. 21:27]. Venite commedite panem meum. legitur in Prouerbiis [9:5] iste qui mittat nos ad commestionem huius panis est deus
Language: Latin
(1e) f.6
vIncipit: {sermo in Natali}. Paruulus natus est nobis [Is. 9:6] duobus conuenientibus in nomine suo promittit iesus quod petitio eorum exaudietur
Language: Latin
(1f) f.8
rIncipit: Dominica prima in aduentu domini. Abiciamus ergo ... armis lucis [Rom. 13:12]. Solent regis aduentum precede tube siue buccinatores
Language: Latin
(1g) f.10
rIncipit: Sermo in die Sancti stephani prothomartiris. Ecce uideo celos apertos etc [Act. 7:56]. Corripe sapientem et amabit te. Stultis autem si correptus fuerit nascitur. ita legitur in Prouerbiis [cf. 19:25]. Quis autem sit sapiens determinat deus aperte per ecclesiasticum dicens
Language: Latin
(1h) f.11
vIncipit: {sermo in die epyphanie}. Ubi est ... rex iudeorum [Mat. 2:2:]. Legitur in hoc ewangelio quod magi inueniunt dominum in bethleem. bethleem interpretatur domus panis
Language: Latin
(1i) f.13
vIncipit: Dominica .iia. post Octauas Epyphanie. Sermo ad populum. Nupcie facte sunt ... [Jo. 2:1]. Anima indigens et mendicus non erit inter uos istud est uerbum domini loquentis ad moysen. in Deutro [cf. 15:4] quod preceptum ad hoc uideri obseruant carnaliter
Language: Latin
(1j) f.14
vIncipit: Dominica .ia. Septuagesime. Circumdederunt me gemitus mor[tis] dolores [cf. Pss. 17:5, 114:3] Inperfectum enim iam sepe uiderunt oculi mei et ideo perfectionem uerbi non oportet a me expectari
Language: Latin
(1k) f.16
rIncipit: Dominica .iija. lxe. Uidemus nunc per speculum etc ad Cor .ia xiij[:12] .c. puteus altus est nec in quo haurias habes [cf. Jo. 4:11]. Verum quidem est quod thoma premissum modulum in genij mei longe excellit
Language: Latin
(1l) f.17
rIncipit: Dominica .ij. xle. Hec est uoluntas dei ... honore [I Thes. 4:3 4]. Aperuit dominus dentem molarem ... refocillatus est spiritus sampsonis. Nota est historia in libro Iudicum [15:19] ubi legitur quod Samson occidit mille philistheos
Language: Latin
A second, longer, copy occurs at (1ac) below
(1m) f.17
vIncipit: Dominica .iiija. xle. Letare ierusalem etc [officium]. Rogate patrem misericordiam et domini tocius consolationis [cf. II Cor. 1:3] qui secundum hodiernum ewangelium insol ce refectorus super turbam misertus est sequentem se [? cf. Jo. 6:5; or ? Mat. 14:14 ]. Vt si non tribuat ad societatem propter meam insufficienciam et peccatorum meorum resistenciam
Language: Latin
(1n) f.19
rIncipit: Dominica .iija. xle. Erat iesus eiciens demonum etc. [Luc. 11:14] Legitur in Mc [7:33+35]. quod dominus apprehendens surdum ... loquebatur recte. Surdi spiritualiter sunt qui uerbum domini non possunt. Muti qui dominum laudare; predicare confiteri nequeunt
Language: Latin
(1o) f.19
rIncipit: Dominica .iija. lxxe. Cecus clamabat dicens. Iesu fili dauid miserere mei [cf. Luc. 18:38]. Quinque sunt que homines ab officio predicacionis retrahere consueuerunt. timor uidelicet. pudor et praua uita. ignorancia et lingua infacunda.
Language: Latin
(1p) f.21
vIncipit: Dominica .iiija. xle. Manducauerunt et saturati sunt [Mat. 14:20, Marc. 8:8, or Luc. 9:17]. Qui gratiam predicandi habere desiderant. conueniens est ut alios uita transcendant.
Language: Latin
Not Jo. 6:5 seq., the usual gospel for Lent IV, cf. (1m) above
(1r) f.23
rIncipit: Dominica .ija. post octabas Pasche. Obsecro uos tanquam ... desiderijs [I Pet. 2:11]. Legitur in ewangelio quod in fractione panis discipuli cognouerunt iesum [Luc. 24:35]. panis iste refectio .s. anime est uerbum dei cuis tantummodo crustas exteriores corrodunt iudei.
Language: Latin
(1s) f.24
rIncipit: Sermo in Rogacionibus. Siquid petieris ... [Jo. 16:23] Dominus post resurreccionem antequam ad patrem ascenderet aliquantulum cum discipulis conuersatus est. decessurus autem {in} ore prvdentis et benigni nuncij suum recessum
Language: Latin
(1t) f.25
vIncipit: Sermo in Pentecosten. Accipietis uirtutem superuenientis spiritus ... testes in ierusalem [Act. 1:8]. Multa dicimus et deficimus in uerbis consummacio autem sermonis ipse est. Non est dubium uerba ad hoc esse
Language: Latin
(1u) f.26
vIncipit: Dominica .ia. post Ascensionem domini. Qvi abicit disciplinam despicit animam suam [Prov. 15:32]. Disciplina simpliciter dicta anthonomastice. per diuina disciplina accipitur. preterea disciplina est instructio cum correccione
Language: Latin
(1v) f.27
vIncipit: Dominica .ia. post octabas Pentecostes. Canes ueniebant et lingebant ultera [for uulnera] eius [Luc. 16:21]. Per canes habentes linguas medicinales. contra lupos. latrantes. latrones fugantes. nate sagaces intelliguntur boni sacerdotes et predicatores. qui tunc ad lazarum ueniunt
Language: Latin
(1w) f.28
rIncipit: Dominica .ixa. in estate. Qui se existimat stare uideat ne cadat [I Cor. 10:12]. Rogemus cum apostolo ut dominus nobis aperiat hostium sermonis sui quod duplex est. Hostium enim per quod exit sermo. os predicatoris est
Language: Latin
(1x) f.29
vIncipit: {Dominica .xja.}. Omnis qui se exaltat humiliabitur [Mat. 23:12 / Luc. 14:11]. Attendendum quod dicit. qui se exaltat. non dicit qui exaltat alium deum .s. uel proximum. nec dicit qui suos exaltat.
Language: Latin
(1y) f.30
vIncipit: Dominica .xija. in estate. Bene omnia fecit. Surdos fecit ... [Marc. 7:37]. Ecclus [32:28] Qui credit deo attendit mandatis suis a destructione consequentis si non attendit mandatis non credit deo. si non attendit mandatis.
Language: Latin
(1z) f.31
vIncipit: Dominica .xvia. Adolescens tibi dico surge [Luc. 7:14] Discrecionem quam oportet habere predicatorem secundum auditorium diuersitatem ostendere dominus per Osee [5:8] dicens. clangite buccina in gabaa ... vlulate in bethauen. hoc est simpliciter predicare simplicibus
Language: Latin
(1aa) f.32
vIncipit: Dominica .xixa. Renouamini spiritu mentis ... sanctitate ueritatis [Eph. 4:23 24]. Virtutem uerbi dei ostendit Ieronimus dicens. Magna uirtus sermonis qui serpentes extrahit de cauernis. talis est sermo dei diabolum serpentem tortuosum
Language: Latin
(1ab) f.34
rIncipit: Dominica .xxa.ia. Non est nobis colluctatio ... nequicie in celestibus [Eph. 6:12]. Apostolus in hodierna epistola ad nos tanquam in bello constitutos loquitur et cum ceteris armis nos assumere gladium hortatur
Language: Latin
(1ac) f.35
vIncipit: Dominica .ij. in xla. Hec est uoluntas dei sanctificacio uestra ... honore [I Thes. 4:3 4]. Aperuit dominus dentem molarem ... refocillatus est spiritus sampsonis. Nota est historia in libro Iudicum [15:19] ubi legitur quod Samson occisis mille philistheos
Language: Latin
A copy of the first part occurs at (1l)
(1ad) f.37
rIncipit: Sermo in festo Sancti Iacobi. Nunquid prebebis equo fortitudinem ... hinnitum [Job 39:19]. Hec erat uisio discurrens in medio .iiijor. animalium splendor ignis ... egrediens [Ezek. 1:13] qualis deberet esse qui uerbum dei proponere. exprimitur in uerbis istis Ezechiel. debet enim predicator esse quasi .iiijor. animalia.
Language: Latin
(1ae) f.38
rIncipit: Sermo in Natiuitate beate virginis. Buccinate in neomenia tuba [Ps. 80:4]. Dominus loquens tanquam aurifaber. ad ministrum suum dicit. aurum et argentum tuum confla [Ecclus. 28:29]. Vere aurifaber est dominus alios aurifabros excedens. Ipse enim non solum operatur in auro uel ex auro
Language: Latin
(1af) f.39
rIncipit: {alius sermo in natiuitate} [beate virginis]. Nox expectet lucem ... surgentis aurore [Job 3:9]. Si pauper et infirmus aquam peteret fontis staturientis in terra alicui pie domine ipsa non negaret ei. Nos autem pauperes per defectum bonorum operum et infirmum per peccatum {est}
Language: Latin
(1ag) f.40
rIncipit: Sermo in assumptione beate virginis. Tota pulcra es amica mea [Cant. 4:7] monstrante esse matrem. Nos paruulos nutriendo custodiendo et instruendo. Sumus enim fratres filij tui. Vnde dixit. Ite et dicite fratribus meis. Vnde et filii tui esse probamur. Cum ergo mater nostra
Language: Latin
(1ah) f.40
vIncipit: Sermo In assumpcione beate virginis. In omnibus requiem quesiui et in hereditate domini morabor. Verba sunt filii dei in Ecclesiastico [24:11]. dicentis. In omnibus uirginibus requiem quesiui et suplendum est non inueni nisi in beata uirgine quod ipsa consequentur in eodem capitulo testatur dicens. qui creauit me requieuit in tabernaculo meo [24:12]. Requieuit dico quia in omnibus aliis uirginibus hospitium tribulacionis non quietis inuenit sed in hac.
Language: Latin
(1ai) f.41
rIncipit: De assumpcione. Ave maria gratia plena ... in mulieribus [Luc. 1:28] Quociens beate uirginis recolo excellenciam. etc. fragilitatem et miseriam propriam attendo. Non est mirum si non audes eius prorumpere
Language: Latin
(1aj) f.42
rIncipit: In die Sancti Michaelis. Sum princeps excercitus [sic] domini et nunc uenio [Jos. 5:14]. Legitur in Exodo xxxiij[:2, 3, 15] Dominum dixisse moysi mittam precursorem tui angelum ut eiciam cananeum etc. et propheta ibi dicitur. non ascendam tecum quia populus dure ceruicis est. sed certe propheta ait moysi. si non tu ipse precedas nos ne educas nos de loco isto. Si hoc petiit moyses vir spiritualis; ego miser peccator
Language: Latin
(2)
f.44
v-45
v
Original title: Sermo in adventu Domini
Author: Peter of Rheims, -1247
Incipit: Hora est iam ... ad Romanos xiijo [:11]. Notandum quod est triplex sompnus
Explicit: uel gratiam quantum ad
meritum et gloriam quantum ad premium. ad quam gloriam nos
perducat. qui uiuit et regnat.
Language: Latin
Citation:Schneyer, iv, 725 no 1 (with different ending)
(3)
f.45
v-62
v
Language: Latin
Nineteen sermons, of untraced authorship, only one (3g) assigned to a particular occasion. The lower margins of f.47v-48r have a substantial passage, beginning “Legitur in Regum .io. [cf. 16:14]
Quod spiritus malus agitabat Saul ...”, written in the main hand; if it was intended to supplement one of the sermons on those pages, (3c, 3d or 3e), it is not clear which. A copy of one sermon seems to be recorded elsewhere: (3c) in the 13th century BL MS Sloane 1580, see Schneyer viii, 502 no. 41, which goes on differently after the first clause.
(3a) f.45
vIncipit: Saccum consui super cutem ... carnem meam etc [Job 16:16]. legitur in .iiijto. Regum [4:38-41] quod cum Helyseus suscitasset filium Sunamitis reuersus est in Galgala ... recessit amaritudo. Ego miser sum talis puer. Qui herbas collegi .i. auctoritates in agro sacre scripture
Language: Latin
(3b) f.46
rIncipit: Sciat unusquisque uas suum possidere in sanctificacione et honore etc [I Thes. 4:4]. Ad hoc predicacio populo sit utilis et deo acceptabilis oportet ut uita et doctrina in predicante conueniant.
Language: Latin
(3c) f.47
rIncipit: Assumpsi mihi duas uirgas ... gregem meum [Zach. 11:7]. Post longum ieiunium gratum est prandium quantumcumque sit peritum [?]. Verbum dei cibus est anime. hunc cibum gratanter recipere debemus
Language: Latin
(3d) f.47
vIncipit: Cibaria. uirga. honus; asine. panis. disciplina. opus seruo [Ecclus. 33:25]. Lauamini mundi estote etc. [Is. 1:16] Ad hoc tria sunt necessaria. cordis contritio. per quam indulgetur peccatum cogitacionis. oris confessio
Language: Latin
(3e) f.48
rIncipit: Beati qui esurient et sitiunt iusticiam [Mat. 5:6] .i. feruenter appetunt. ergo infelices qui eam fastidiunt. Tales autem sunt accidiosi est enim accidia fastidium.
Language: Latin
(3f) f.48
vIncipit: Sermo contra superbos. Tres species odiuit anima mea [Ecclus. 25:3]. Scilicet Pauperum superbum Diuitem mendacem. Senem fatuum. et insensatum. Si rex ad aliquem breue suum mitteret ... Breue illud sigillo dominice passionis sigillatur signatur
Language: Latin
(3g) f.49
rIncipit: In festo Symonis et iude. Melius est bonum nomen; quam preciosa vnguenta [Eccles. 7:2] Qui dominum suum grauiter offenderit. et de reconciliacione ei non constiterit ... Ibi dicit glose
Language: Latin
(3h) f.49
vIncipit: Cybaria. virga. honus asino [Ecclus. 33:25]. dominus noster tetendit arcum suum et tradidit illum sagitario suo vt sagittando feram bestiam sibi caperet. per arcum domini sacra scriptura intelligitur. In arcu duo sunt. lignum et corda ... Vnde Seneca ... ... De quo premio beatus Bernardus in meditacionibus suis ait. premium est uidere dominum etc.
Language: Latin
(3i) f.50
rIncipit: Induxit nos dominus in terram carmeli. ut comederetis fructus eius et bona terre illius. Ista scribuntur in Ieremia [2:7]. Dominus in persona Ieremie confortat predicatorem suum dicens. Accinge sicut vir lumbos suos ... ferreum [1:17-18] Notantur hic tria necessaria prelato ... vita. sciencia et doctrina
Language: Latin
(3j) f.52
rIncipit: Induxit uos dominus in terram carmeli. ut comeditis fructus terre illius etc [Jer. 2:7]. Carmelus ad literam mons est pascuosus in Iudea fertilissimus .ij. Moraliter significans uitam claustralem. ... Bernardus
Language: Latin
(3k) f.53
rIncipit: Sume cytharam circui ciuitatem meretrix ... memoria tui sit [Is. 23:16]. Non sumus sufficientes ut dicit apostolus [II Cor. 3:5] cogitare aliquid ... ex deo est. et idem potenciam peccandi habemus ex nobis.
Language: Latin
(3l) f.54
rIncipit: Ascendamus ad iudam et suscitemus eum ... filium Thobel [Is. 7:6]. Dominus ait in Matheo. qui non colligit mecum dispergit [Luc. 11:23]. Istud maxime potest intelligi de prelatis ecclesie qui talibus patrimonium Christi conferunt qui totum male uiuendo dispergunt
Language: Latin
(3m) f.54
vIncipit: Cum esses iunior cingebas ... quo non uis [Jo. 21:18]. Sensus litterlis talis est. cum tu iuuenis esses carni et mundo mancipatus
Language: Latin
(3n) f.55
rIncipit: Si exaltatus fuero a terra. omnia traham ad me ipsum [Jo. 12:32]. Scire debetis fratres dilectissimi quod Christus a terra tripliciter fuit exaltatus. primo modo sit. filius dei de sinu patris descendens in uterum matris
Language: Latin
(3o) f.55
vIncipit: Bonum est uiro cum portauerit iugum domini ... leuauit se supra se [Thr. 3:27 28]. Dilectissimi fratres et domini mei sicut beatus Gregorius in libro pastorali. officium predicacionis alij laudabiliter appetit
Language: Latin
(3p) f.57
vIncipit: Bonum est uiro ... leuauit se super se [Thr. 3:27-28]. quod cuilibet predicanti uerbum dei necessaria sit purificate mentis deuota oratio; egregius predicator beatus Paulus Colosensibus [4:3] ... Nam sicut talpa laborat diuersis et multos aceruos terre leuare; sic et quidam religiosi et domorum et grangiarum superflua erectione et terrarum suarum extensione nec sufficit eis aliquando cum terminos suos usque ad finem terre extenderint. immo cum deficit eis terra; aquam sibi in possessionem vendicant ... (f.58r/a7) sicut dicit Leo papa. de eo enim dici potest cantus ille anglicus that mi lef askes wit sare weping; ne mai ic hire werne for nane kinnes thing ... Item legimus beatum Antonium heremitam
Language: Latin
Language: English, Middle (1100-1500)
The English couplet in (p) has northern forms, e.g. “sare”, “nane”.
Cited:Wenzel, p.222
Cited:NIMEV, 3290.11
(3q) f.59
vIncipit: Solum sedebam quoniam comminacione replesti me [Jer. 15:17]. In principio sermonis nostri ad memoriam reducamus comminacionem domini per Psalmistam [49:21] cuilibet peccatori factam. dicit enim arguam te
Language: Latin
(3r) f.61
rIncipit: Aue maria ... tecum [Luc. 1:28]. Hodie dilectissimi de telesti oraculo noue nobis salutacionis sermo innotuit. Nichil namque nouum
Language: Latin
(3s) f.61
rIncipit: Pax erit in terra nostra cum uenerit Assirius [Mic. 5:5] legitur in Actibus [10:44] quod loquente Petro cecidit spiritus sanctus super omnes qui audiebant uerbum. et certe si ad hoc loqueretur Petrus; cadet spiritus
Language: Latin
(4)
f.62
v-173
v
Original title: Sermones
Incipit: Cum appropinquasset iesus
Explicit: in hoc sole sol iusticie posuit tabernaculum suum. ut nos lumine gratie et tandem glorie sue illustraret. Iesus christus dominus noster qui cum patre etc.
Language: Latin
61 De tempore and 7 De sanctis. Schneyer nos 41 (f.116r-117r), and 181 (f.162v-165v) only agree with Schneyer in their texts. The closing words differ from Schneyer in nos 2, 5, 10, 14, 15, 22, 35, 39, 47, 54, 56, 59-60, 63, 80. Between nos 27 and 28 (f.102r) the Palm Sunday (T24) text is given, with a rubric referring back to Advent 1, for a sermon on the same text. Immediately after the opening text of no. 29 comes a short passage labelled “Narracio” in the margin and apparently identical to no. 30 (f.103v-104r). No. 40 begins “plerique discipuli (in terra cum domino ambulantes) qui uiderunt” (f.114v); the words added in a space left by the original scribe differ from Schneyer. The rubric for no. 76 (f.168r) is for the Annunciation (S28) rather than the Nativity (S65) of the B.V.M.
Citation:Schneyer, iv, 483-97, nos 1-11, 14, 12, 15-29, ?30, 32-33, 35-47, 49-62, 65, 63, 80, 178-180, 175, 76, 78, 176.
(5a)
f.90
v
Original title: Versus de vinea evangelica
Date: Added 14th century
Incipit: Vinea culta fuit
Explicit: qui venerat ante
Language: Latin
Cited: Walther, 20357
(5b)
f.90
v
Modern title: Two couplets
Date: Added 14th century
Incipit: Nam dator opimus deus est ut nos bene scimus | nos terre limus quos formavit sane primus | Sic deus ostendit quod quandocumque venimus | aggrediamur opus certi de munere simus
Language: Latin
(6)
f.100
v
Modern title: On the feeding of the five thousand
Incipit: Vnde versus:
Versus. Bis binus panis quinus quin milia pauit
Explicit: Versus. Pisculis paucis fuit ex hijs copia cunctis
Language: Latin
On Jesus' miracle of the 5 loaves and 2 fishes (Matt. 11:14-21; Mark 6:34-44; Luke 9:11-17). Written by the original scribe to fill last 5 lines of the leaf, after Schneyer no. 26
(7)
f.153
v
Modern title: Prayer
Date: Added 14th century
Incipit: Deus in adiutorium meum intende domine ad adiuuandum me festina intende
Explicit: laudabo dominum in vita mea cui sit laus honor et gloria amen amen amen
Language: Latin
A prayer in the first person, based on office psalms. Added in the blank half column remaining on the leaf, after Schneyer no. 63.
(8)
f.173
v-184
v
Language: Latin
Fourteen sermons, of untraced authorship, 6 De tempore, 3 De sanctis and the rest with subjects or audience specified; apart from the phrase “hodie beatus Edmundus laborauit” (8d) would serve for any martyr, and (8e), as Davenport notes on f.iv, does not specify Becket apart from the prefixed rubric; (8k) occurs in Arras MS 222, among sermons attributed to Stephen Langton (d. 1228), see Schneyer v, 471 no. 62, but ending differently.
(8a) f.173
vIncipit: Sermo de fide. Funiculus triplex difficile rumpitur [Eccles. 4:12]. Funiculus iste est fides ecclesie que admodum funiculi triplicis contentur ex tribus creditis quasi ex tribus cordis
Language: Latin
(8b) f.175
rIncipit: Sermo in aduentu domini. Ecce nubecula ... ascendebat de mari [III Reg. 18:44]. A nubibus duo descendunt pluuia et fulgor uel fulmen. Ista ergo nubecula erat filius dei ab hac nubecula duo emanant. primus aduentus et secundus
Language: Latin
(8c) f.176
rIncipit: Sermo in xla. Surgite consurgamus contra Edom in prelium [Abd. 1]. Verba sunt Abdye prophete loquentis in persona filij. Scitis ergo fratres karissimi quod sicut Adam per inobedientiam cecidit
Language: Latin
(8d) f.176
vIncipit: De Sancto Edmundo Martyre. Modicum laboraui et inueni mihi requiem multam [Ecclus. 51:35]. Naturale est quod granum frumenti cum moriatur fructificet. Unde Christus in grano figuratur qui nisi in cruce moreretur
Language: Latin
(8e) f.176*
rIncipit: Sermo de Sancto Thoma. Ego sum pastor bonus etc [Jo. 10:11,14]. Membrum usurpat uocem capitis. Seruum uocem principis. eadem utitur uoce quia communicat in facto et in opere. Dominus sicut fecit opus humilitatis
Language: Latin
(8f) f.177
rIncipit: Ad religiosos. Reuertar ad Ierusalem in in misericordijs domus mea edificabitur in ea et extendetur perpendiculum super Ierusalem. Verba ista scripta sunt in Zacharia propheta co.io.[16] et bene competunt hodierno negocio. in primo uerbo innuitur quod prelati et pastores ecclesie pro loco et tempore debent reuerti ad Ierusalem .i. ad domum religiosam
Language: Latin
(8g) f.177
vIncipit: Sermo ad leprosos. Miserere mei domine quoniam infirmus sum [Ps. 6:3]. Quidam grauem habent infirmitatem et non sentiunt se esse infirmos. de talibus est desperandum et de eorum sanitate. dicit Rabanus. Non pauciores sunt morbi anime quam corporis
Language: Latin
(8h) f.178
rIncipit: De Sancto Iohanne Baptista. Quodcumque dixerit mihi anima tua hoc faciam [I Reg. 20:4]. Sic dixit Ionathan ad Dauid per Ionathan. Iohannes signifcatur. ratione nominis et operis Ionathan; domum columbe .i. spiritus sanctus. Iohannes gratia uel in quo est gratia
Language: Latin
(8i) f.180
rIncipit: Sermo in passione. Sub arbore malo suscitaui te. Verba sunt Salomonis in Cant [8:5]. Legitur Boz dixisse ad Ruth mulierem quando hora uescendi fuerit ... buccellam in aceto [2:14]. Booz interpretatur fortitudo et signat Christum qui est uera fortitudo
Language: Latin
(8j) f.180
vIncipit: De penitencia. Uenite ad me omnes qui laboratis et honerati estis etc [Mat. 11:28]. Cum sumus omnes in labore et dolore peccati; deprecemur dominum qui summus est medicus ut morbos nostros curare dignetur. lege in primo Regum quod Saul rex superbus
Language: Latin
(8k) f.181
rIncipit: Dominica .iiija. ante Ascensionem. Cum uenerit paraclitus ille arguet mundum de peccato et de iusticia et de iudicio [Jo. 16:8]. Scitis fratres quod uerbum libenter auditur. vel ideo quia magnus. uel quia potens est ille de quo est sermo. uel quia carus et dilectus est audientibus.
Language: Latin
(8l) f182
rIncipit: Sermo ad leprosos. Ego auferam desiderabilem oculorum tuorum in plaga et non planges [Ez. 24:16]. Dicit Ysaias [21:14] Occurrentes sicienti offerte aquas qui habitatis in terra australi. In austro claritas solis habundat. quasi in terra australi habitant clerici. quibus claritas solis sensus ueri solis apparat manifeste
Language: Latin
(8m) f.183
rIncipit: Sermo in Ascensione domini. Erigere in sublime et esto gloriosus et sponsi induere uestibus [Job 40:5]. dicit Ysaias [41:17] ego et tu {et} pauperes querunt aquas et superaddere possumus diuites querunt uinum. aqua dicitur sacra scriptura hac ratione. Aqua enim omnibus se offert its et sensus dei omnibus inuestigantibus
Language: Latin
(8n) f.183
vIncipit: Dominica .va. post trinitatem. Duc in altum et laxate retia uestra in capturam. In Luc uo[:4]. Quando pauper uult habere aliquid quod est in manu diuitis cum id non possit emere; necesse est rogare. pauperes autem sumus indigemus sapientia dei quam non possumus emere
Language: Latin
(9)
f.184
v-209
r
Original title: Sermones
Author: Peter of Rheims, -1247
Incipit: Sermo de apostolis. Qvi sunt isti qui ut nubes uolant et quasi columbe etc [Is. 60:8] profectus apostolorum uolatui (nubium) et columbarum merito comparantur quia tota uita eorum fuit in duobus .s. predicatione et contemplatione
Explicit: neque in occasione auaricie sicut scitis q. d. non inuenire.
Language: Latin
44 sermons De communi sanctorum. No break between nos 485 and 486 (f.196vb/47). After the text as no. 463 the second sermon opens “Tria sunt quorum sonus procul audiuntur .s. tonitrui. tube. et cymbale uel campane”, closing as no. 463; there is a reference back to this second sermon before the text of no. 471 (f.188v). The closing words differ from Schneyer in nos 466, 469-470, 477 (pr. ed. ending at 192ra/19), 481, 483, 487 (ed. has only 7 of the 15 ways), 491, 493, 498, and somewhat in nos 467, 475, 482, 484 and 506.
The twelfth sermon, no. 473, includes a passage “moraliter .iiijor. designatur genera fratrum in ordine ue/nostro .s. priores. corectores. predicatores. confessores. conuersi et temporalium prouisores. contemplatiui et studentes ...”; this
occurs also in the printed edition (Lyons 1653). Though the “ordo” ought to have been that of the author, a Dominican, “correctores” were heads of houses in the Grandmontines, where “conversi” were known, but the other categories would fit the Dominicans.
f.209r 11 lines left blank at foot of second column.
Citation:Schneyer, iv, 752-5 nos 462-506
(10)
f.209
v-212
r
Original title: De cognitione verae vitae
Incipit: Incipit tractatus de cognitione uite uere secundum dramaticum genus loquendi. Cvm christus ueritas et uita dicat. Hec est uita eterna ut te solum domini uerum cognoscant
Explicit: Sed spiritus sanctus columbe corpus condidit et sic in ipsa super dei filium descendit
Language: Latin
Chapters i-xviii, in a somewhat abbreviated version, this copy beginning in chap.1, line 11, only up to line 18 “... festinare”, resuming in chapter 2, with an extra phrase after “condidit”. This is not among the forty copies in the British Isles noticed by Römer I, 45-6, none of which is notably earlier than this manuscript; the five oldest all end “columbe corpus condidit”, i.e. nearly as here, two of the five being from Rochester Cathedral Priory, BL MSS Royal 5 A.I and 5 A.IV. It differs from both Durham Cathedral Library MSS, B.II.20 and B.II.29.
(11)
f.212
r-214
r
Original title: Planctus B.V. M.
Incipit: Hic incipiunt lamentationes beate uirginis. Qvis dabit capiti meo aquam
Explicit: qui puro corde diligunt eam. et super omnia benedictus sit filius eius dominus noster iesus christus qui cum deo patre et spiritu sancto uiuit et regnat in secula seculorum amen.
Language: Latin
Attributed to St Bernard, mainly extracted from Oglerius de Tridino (1136-1214), Liber de passione Christi et doloribus et planctibus matris, see Baier 1977, ii, 279-81. The copy here differs greatly at the start from Caillau's 1842 edition of Augustine, p. 239-241 and corresponds much more closely, except at the end, to the 1640 Paris edition of St Bernard, cols 156-63. This copy is similar in date to the oldest so far identified, Oxford, MS Bodley 750.
(12)
f.214
r-229
r
Fourteen sermons, of untraced authorship, De tempore, January - June; with four other short pieces (12c- f) provided with separate rubrics, but perhaps forming part of (12b). The first sermon (12a) occurs in a 15th century collection, for the Circumcision, Schneyer viii, 307 no. 15.
The blank space on f.229r-230r is filled with largely illegible 13th/14th century crayon notes; 15th century pen-trial, “Caro esurit legista”, f.229v.
(12a) f.214
rIncipit: Cantate domino canticum nouum [Ps. 95:1 / 149:1]. Vestrum est et ad uos pertinet; nouum cantare canticum. Est enim uetus canticum et nouum. Vetus canticum fuit; diliges amicos tuos. et odio habebis inimicos tuos. Nouum canticum est; diligite inimicos uestros
Language: Latin
(12b) f.214
vIncipit: In die circumcisionis. Sermo. Circumcisio carnis in tribus consistit. in habitu in actione. in sermone. et quia illa in exterioribus perpenduntur; ad carnis circumcisionem pertinere dicuntur. Caueamus igitur ne in habitu superfluo
Language: Latin
(12c) f.214
vIncipit: Circumcisio mentis triplex. Item circumcisio mentis in tribus consistit. in cogitatione. in affectione in intentione
Language: Latin
(12d) f.215
rIncipit: Quod peccator reconciliandus sit deo. Peccator cum peccat; unum deum in tribus personis offendat. oportet ergo ut trino munere reconcilietur trino deo.
Language: Latin
(12e) f.215
rIncipit: Contemplatio in quinque consistit. C[recte Q]vinque sunt contemplationes. prima; peccatum et iehenna. Secunda contemptus mundi et delectatio uirtutum.
Language: Latin
(12f) f.215
rIncipit: Abrenuncio triplex. Tres abrenuntiationes esse; patrum traditio asserit. prima est qua corporaliter omnis mundi diuicias contempnimus.
Language: Latin
(12g) f.215
rIncipit: Sermo in passione domini. Uidi agnum stantem ... aperuit illum [Apo. 5:6 7]. Duo sunt hic notabilia quod christus et leo discribitur et agnus. set leo fuit fortissimus bestiarum fortitudine
Language: Latin
(12h) f.217
rIncipit: Sermo in die Pasche uel in octaua. Maria Magdalene et Maria Iacobi et Salome etc [Marc. 16:1]. Licet istud precesserit in facto; cotidie tantum obseruatur in misterio. Vnde per tres materias non tres mulieres set tres amaritudines uel tres status ecclesie militantis intelligimus
Language: Latin
(12i) f.218
vIncipit: In octaua Pasche. sermo. Maria Magdalene secundum ewangelium Iohannis [20:1-4] dum adhuc essent tenebre sola uenit ad monumentum ... Ecce in primis quantum ardor caritatis qua una mulier et sola ante lucanum
Language: Latin
(12j) f.219
rIncipit: Sermo in octaua Pasche. Stetit Iesus in medio discipulorum et dixit eis Pax uobis [Jo. 20:26/19 / Luc. 24:35]. Legimus ter dominum commendasse nobis pacem in ewangelio. In natiuitate clamantibus angelis gloria in excelsis etc. Secundo ante passionem domini in cena
Language: Latin
(12k) f.220
vIncipit: Dominica prima post octauam Pasche. Pastor bonus animam suam de. etc [Jo. 10:11]. Circa nomen boni pastoris tria sunt inquirenda. Que dignitas. quod officium. et quantum meritum. Dignitas attenditur circa tria.
Language: Latin
(12l) f.222
rIncipit: Dominica .iija. post octauam Pasche. Modicum et iam non uidebitis etc [Jo. 16:16]. Verba sunt Christi euntis ad passionem ad discipulos. Modicum enim tempus fuit quo per mortem subtractus fuit ab eorum aspectibus tanquam Ionas tribus diebus et noctibus
Language: Latin
(12m) f.222
vIncipit: Modicum etc [Jo. 16:16]. Circa hoc primo uidendum est quod quidam uident multum. quidam modicum. quidam minime. Secundo quibus de causis oculus olutenebrescit [for obten--]. tercio que requirantur ut uideat
Language: Latin
(12n) f.224
rIncipit: Dominica iiija. post octauam Pasche. Cum uenerit spiritus sanctus ille arguet [Jo. 16:8]. Licet inseperabilia sint opera trinitatis tantum aliter ara. filius aliter spiritus sanctus. filius enim arguet in iudicio secundum quod homo est. Quia pater omne iudicium dedit filio.
Language: Latin
(12o) f.224
vIncipit: Cvm uenerit spiritus sanctus [Jo. 16:8]. Sicut testatur in ewangelio Spiritus sanctus procedit a patre et filio missus ab utroque a patre cum dicitur. Rogabo patrem et alium paraclitum mittet
Language: Latin
(12p) f.226
rIncipit: Sermo in Rogationibus ad laicos. Petite et accipietis . etc [Jo. 16:24]. Tres isti dies tribus appellantur nominibus. Gallice dies rogationum siue peticionum. Anglice dies itinerum et latine dies letaniarum siue orationum. ... Quidam ciues .London. dicit cuidam uillico .Ebor. dioc. Ecce incidit in manus meas illa carucata terra in uilla qua habitas. Ecce quia ego adesse non possum ... in libro barlaam
Language: Latin
(12q) f.227
rIncipit: Sermo in rogationibus. Quis uestrum habebit amicum etc [Luc. 11:5]. Dies isti dicuntur letaniarum .i. orationum in quibus omnes sanctos dei inuitamus ut orent pro nobis Et quia solius dei proprium est misereri semper et parcere
Language: Latin
(12r) f.228
rIncipit: Item Sermo in Rogationibus. De tercio sic. Dies isti anglice dicuntur dies itineris. more alicuius peregrinantis ubi consueuit fieri duplex festum apud homines .s. primum in profectione. et secundum in reuersione
Language: Latin
(13)
f.230
v
Modern title: Form for bond
Date: Added later 13th century
Language: Latin
Form for bond for payment to “Magistro tali de tali loco” of £14 6s 8d for tithe bought from him, half at St Cuthbert in March 1278 [20 March 1279] and half at St John the Baptist following [24 June]. Added on blank, near foot of page. The use of St Cuthbert's day for the first repayment term suggests a connection with Durham, and the term “Magister” a hospital, such as Kepier or Sherburn near Durham, Northallerton in Durham's Yorkshire peculiar, or Bolton, four miles west of Alnwick in Durham's parish of Edlingham; a dispute between the monks of Durham and the brothers of Bolton over tithes and other matters was settled in 1276, see J. C. Hodgson et al., A History of Northumberland vii (Newcastle & London, 1904), p.206-208. The addition is made in a hand very close to that of Durham Cathedral Archive Misc. Ch. 740, which is dated 1286, and Cart. Vet. f.92v-93r.
(14)
f.231
r-232
v
Modern title: Two sermon fragments
Date: added earlier 14th century
Incipit: Item dulcificatur suauitate ad pacem enim sequitur tranquilitas
Explicit: parta paradysi nobis est aperta ad quam etc.
Incipit: Ambulate in dileccione [Eph. 5:1] Quanto homo melior est
Language: Latin
Parts of two sermons. The first appears to be continuous, built around the words “gaudium” and “crux”, and so possibly on Heb. 12:2; text cropped away at the foot of f.231r and v. The second occurs in Paris BN MS nouv. acq. lat. 227, see Schneyer ix, 249 no. 23; here it has headings, only partially legible, at the very top of the leaf, cropped and cut by binder “... Prior(?) pet(?) parisi(?) ...”, and beside the start of the text “de dileccione. de hunc [sic] sermo”.
The lower quarter of f.232r between the two is blank.
Microfilmed in 1985/86 by the Hill Monastic Manuscript Library, St John's Abbey and University, Collegeville, Minnesota. Copies held by them and Durham University Library.
Due to the binding, there are many images throughout the volume with marginalia and text not visible in the image because they are too far into the gutter.
A bookplate has been bound in between f.1 and f.2.
There are two f.92 and two f.176
Bibliography
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Baier, W., Untersuchungen zu den Passionsbetrachtungen in der Vita Christi des Ludolf von Sachsen ein quellenkrit. Beitrag zu Leben und Werk Ludolfs und zur Geschichte der Passionstheologie , Analecta Cartusiana 44, (Salzburg: Institut fur Englische Sprache und Literatur, 1977)
Sancti Bernardi Claraevallensis abbatis primi, religionsissimi ecclesiae doctoris, suauissimique, & quod pro eximia illius pietate non iniuria dixeris, plane theodidacti, Opera omnia ... (Paris: Mathurinum Henault, 1640)
Catalogi veteres librorum Ecclesiae cathedralis
dunelm. Catalogues of the library of Durham cathedral, at
various periods, from the conquest to the dissolution, including
catalogues of the library of the abbey of Hulne, and of the mss.
,
Surtees Society 7, (London: J.B. Nichols and Son, [1838]).
Doyle, A. I., "Medieval blind-stamped bindings associated with Durham Cathedral Priory", De Libris Compactis Miscellanea, ed. Colin, G., (Brussels: Bibliotheca Wittockiana, 1984), 31-42
Sancti Francisci Assisiatis, Minorum patriarchae, nec non S. Antonii Paduani ejusdem ordinis, opera omnia: postillis illustrata, expositione mystica in Sacram Scripturam nusquam impressa ... locupletata ... Opera & labore R.P. Joannis de La Haye (Lyons: sumptibus Petri Rigaud, in via Mercatoria. M. DC. LIII [1653])
Hobson, G. D., "Some early bindings and binders' tools", The library series 4, 19 (September 1938), 202-249
A new index of middle English verse , ed. J. Boffey & A. S. G. Edwards (London: British Library, 2005)
Pollard, G., "The names of some English fifteenth-century binders", The library series 5, 25 (September 1970), 193-218
Römer, F., Die handschriftliche Überlieferung der Werke des heiligen Augustinus. 2.2, Grossbritannien und Irland. Verzeichnis nach Bibliotheken (Wien: Böhlaus, 1972)
Schmidt-Künsemüller, F. A., Die abendländischen romanischen Blindstempeleinbände (Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1985)
Schneyer, Johannes Baptist, Repertorium der lateinischen Sermones des Mittelalters für die Zeit von 1150-1350 , (Münster : Aschendorff, 1971-95)
Thomson, S.H., The writings of Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln 1235-1253 (Cambridge: CUP, 1940)
Walther, H., Carmina medii aevi posterioris latina 1. Initia carminum ac versuum medii aevi posterioris latinorum: alphabetisches Verzeichnis der Versanfänge mittellateinischer Dichtungen (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1959-69)
Wenzel, S., Preachers, poets and the early English lyric (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986)