DCL MS. C.III.16Averroes, Commentarium magnum in Aristotelis De anima libros; In De generatione et corruptione; Compendia in Parva naturalia Aristotelis; etc.
Held by: Durham Cathedral Library: Durham Cathedral Manuscripts


Digitised: https://n2t.durham.ac.uk/ark:/32150/t1mww72bb701.html


Physical description of manuscript
Support

Parchment: low quality, with numerous holes, flaws, edgecuts, a pronounced H/F contrast.

Extent: iv+87+iii f
Size: 342 mm x 216 mm

Foliation

Modern pencil foliation


Secundo folio: in utroque dimittere enim
Collation

Former pastedown and flyleaf (f.1) are a bifolium, I-X8, XI4, XII4 (probably 6 with leaves 4 and 6 lost or cancelled; the leaves now glued together at the gutter).

Signatures: Contemporary signatures on quires I-X. Leaf numbering (Roman numerals) in first half of quires I-VIII and X; done in red in five quires, in blue in three, in brown in one.

Condition of manuscriptNumerous worm holes through the first and last leaves; damp damage, especially to the first 30 folios, with severe staining to f.1-2; cockling throughout. Generally grubby.
Layout

Text-block. Quires I-X: 258 x 145 mm; two columns (width, 72 mm). Quire XI: 245 x 155 mm; two columns (width variable, 67-80 mm). Quire XII: 260 x 180 mm; two columns (width variable, 80-95 mm).
Lines. Quires I-X: 60 (space, 4.5+; height of commentary minims, 1.5-2 mm; height of lemmata minims in items (a) and (b), 3 mm). Quire XI: 59 (space, 4.5+; height of minims, 1.5 mm). Quire XII: 67-69 lines (space, 3.5 mm; height of minims, 1 mm).
Pricking: awl. Pricking for horizontal rulings were done in the outer margin only in quires I-III and XI-XII; in both inner and outer margins in quires IV-X. Prickings sometimes survive in all three (or four) margins, sometimes only in one or two. Ruling: ink in quires I-IV; ink and crayon in quires V-VI, ink and lead in quire VII, lead in quire VIII-XII; the lines often now very faint. Single verticals flanking columns; first two and last two horizontals extended. In quires I-XI, all horizontals run across the intercolumnar space and project irregularly into the margins; in quire XII they are confined within the text columns.

Script

Scribe 1 (f.1-84v)Textualis libraria; scribe 2 (f.85v-87vAnglicana formata.

Decoration

Red and blue initials with stem and leaf patterning reserved as areas of plain parchment, 4+ lines high, flourished in red, head item (a) Books I and II. A 3-line-high blue initial, flourished in red heads Book III. Blue initials, 2+ lines high, flourished in red, mark every subsection - both lemmata and commentaries - in (a), the start of (b), (c), (d) and (e), as also their principal divisions. The spaces reserved for initials in item (f) remain unfilled.

Corrections and annotation

One correcting/annotating hand, 14th century, appears throughout to f.84v; other more casual annotating hands in item (a) only.

Binding

Early 18th century binding by Waghorn in Durham; full brown calf over pasteboards, 1 re-used clasp. Rust stains on, and holes in the unnumbered former pastedown and f.1 from the metalwork of an earlier binding: at the fore-edge, from the fixtures for a pair of clasps; near to the spine, from a series of pins where five cords were secured into the boards (each of these corresponding to stains from the channels in former boards).


Manuscript history
Creation

Written in England, before December 1325.

Provenance

Pledged as surety at Oxford, in 1325 and 1327: “Caucio ... exposita in cista cicestrie. die sabati proxima post festum Lucie uir[ginis] [i.e. 13 December] ... Anno domini Mo CoCoCo vicesimo quarto”, unnumbered final leaf, verso, top; parts obliterated. “Caucio \Iohannis/ de ?Colby [exposita in antiqua cista] ... apostolorum philippi et Iacobi Anno domini Mo CoCoCo vicesimo septimo [et tradatur ?M ?Ncs de ?l]” unnumbered final leaf, verso, immediately below the previous entry; large portions obliterated. The individual named in the final clause is conceivably Nicholas of Lusby, Oxford scholar and later monk of Durham approximately 1328-1349.
Ex libris: “Liber Sancti Cuthberti ex procuracione fratris Iohannis de Castro monachi Dunelm'”, early 14th century, f.Iv, top. John de Castro is possibly to be identified with one of two monks of Durham called John of Barnard Castle (the earlier active c.1294-1311, the latter c.1351-1381) or with the John of Newcastle who was at Durham c. 1341-44/5, before transferring to Stamford.
Contents list, noting every text, 14th century, unnumbered final leaf, verso. Contents list, noting every text, end of 14th century, f.Iv, top centre; corrected 15th/16th century by Thomas Swalwell, monk of Durham.
Pressmark: “K” in red, 14th century, f.1r, top centre. “k Comentum super libros de Anima cum alijs quinque De communi libraria monachorum dunelm'”, early 15th century, f.1r, top; the “k” has been struck through.
Pressmark: “1a 10i E”, 15th century, f.1r, top right. “1a 10i E”, 15th century, f.Iv.


Manuscript contents

Averroes, translated by Michael Scot, Commentarium magnum in Aristotelis De anima libros; In De generatione et corruptione; Compendia in Parva naturalia Aristotelis; etc., written in England and in use at Oxford by 1325.

(a)     f.1r-67r
Original title: Commentarium Magnum in Aristotelis De anima libros
Author: Averroës, 1126-1198
Scot, Michael, approximately 1175-approximately 1234
Incipit: Quoniam de rebus honorabilibus est scire aliquid de rebus que differunt ab inuicem
Explicit: alii autem sensus sunt propter melius et precipue uisus et auditus et hoc est manifestum. Explicit liber de anima
Language: Latin

Set out with the Aristotelian lemmata written every other line in larger script, followed by the commentary written on every line in smaller script. Section numbers are placed beside the start of each portion of commentary. Book II, c. 23 was omitted in whole or part by the original scribe; a different hand subsequently supplied the Aristotelian text in rasura at the end of commentary 22, adding commentary 23 in the lower margin. Light but persistent annotation, slightly more intense between f.47r-58r; passages of text braced, the braces often punctuated by pairs of short horizontal lines, sometimes also by integral pointing hands.

Cited: Averroes 1953, p. xiii
(b)     f.67v-77r
Original title: Commentarium Medium in Aristotelis De generatione et corruptione libros
Author: Averroës, 1126-1198
Incipit: Intentio nostra in hoc libro est quod oportet determinare causas uniuersales generatorum et corruptorum naturaliter et determinare
Explicit: et faceret alios m[anifestu]m quod differt postremum numero a precedentibus. Explicit liber de generatione et corruptione
Language: Latin

The short lemmata are embedded within the text-block, written on every line like the commentary but to a larger gauge; some are flagged by a paraph; most have been underlined by a subsequent annotator. Light but persistent early annotation with many passages flagged by wavy lines, pointing fingers (often associated with the wavy lines) and ‘Nota’s; the annotation included adding beside some chapter numbers a brief note summarising the subject of the chapter in question. Added running heading in ink.

Cited: Averroes 1956, p. xvii-xviii
(c)     f.77r-v
Original title: Compendium libri Aristotelis de Causis longitudinis et breuitatis uite
Author: Averroës, 1126-1198
Incipit: In hoc tractatu perscrutatur de causis longitudinis et breuitatis uite
Explicit: Dictum est igitur de causis longitudinis et breuitatis uite secundum posse nostrum etiam intellectum
Rubric: Incipit liber de morte et uita
Language: Latin

A few early textual corrections; numerous sentence breaks and some paraphs added in ink on f.77r; none on f.77v. Undatable nota crosses beside several lines. Several lines of faint, possibly erased, jottings in the lower margin of f.77r, seemingly a continuation of comparable jottings in the lower margin of f.76v.

Cited: Averroes 1949, p. xviii
(d)     f.77v-81r
Original title: In substantia orbis pseudo-Aristotelis
Author: Averroës, 1126-1198
Incipit: In hoc tractatus intendimus perscrutari de rebus ex quibus componitur corpus celeste
Explicit: nisi quia caret agente motum, et scias quod hec questio est ualde bonum. Explicit
Language: Latin

Divided into 5 Books, the first subdivided into 5 chapters. Lemmata undifferentiated. Original paraph divisions. Vertical lines inserted by an annotator to enhance sentence and clause division; textual corrections in the same hand.

Cited: Lacombe 1957, p. 111 and 233, no. 128.
(e)     f.81r-85r
Original title: Compendia in parva naturalia Aristotelis
Author: Averroës, 1126-1198
Incipit: Uirtutes quidem sensibiles quedam sunt necessarie
Explicit: De quiditate igitur sompnorum uerorum et falsorum et De causis accidentium suorum dictum est
Language: Latin

Liber sensu et sensato; Liber de memoria et reminiscentia; Libri de sompno et uigilia. Carefully corrected; added vertical lines to strengthen sentence and clause divisions.

Cited: Averroes 1949, p. xviii
(f)     f.85r-87v
Original title: In Quartum Meteororum Aristotelis
Author: Averroës, 1126-1198
Scot, Michael, approximately 1175-approximately 1234
Incipit: Postquam uisum est quod principia elementorum que secundum modum forme sunt .4.
Explicit: remansit de quolibet consilium partium ut dicat qualitatem generationis sue in eo quod est ei proprium
Language: Latin

Divided into 11 sections by spaces for initials; lemmata undifferentiated. Occasional small spaces left within the text. No corrections. No annotations.

Cited: Lacombe 1957, p. 106 and 217, no. 110.

Microfilm
Microfilmed in 1985/86 by the Hill Monastic Manuscript Library, St John's Abbey and University, Collegeville, Minnesota. Copies held by them and Durham Cathedral Library.

Digitised material for Durham Cathedral Library MS. C.III.16 - Averroes, Commentarium Magnum in Aristotelis De anima libros etc.
The volume contains cockled parchment throughout which has caused minor distortion and loss of text in some images.
https://n2t.durham.ac.uk/ark:/32150/t1mww72bb701.html

Bibliography

Averrois Cordubensis Compendia librorum Aristotelis qui parva naturalia vocantur   OCLC citation, ed. E. L. Shields and H. Blumberg, Corpus Commentariorum Averrois in Aristotelem versionum Latinarum VII (Cambridge, Mass.: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1949)

Averrois Cordubensis Commentarium Magnum in Aristotelis De anima libros   OCLC citation, ed. F. S. Crawford, Corpus Commentariorum Averrois in Aristotelem, Versionum Latinarum VI.1 (Cambridge, Mass.: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1953)

Averrois Cordubensis Commentariorum Medium in Aristotelis De generatione et corruptione libros   OCLC citation, ed. F. H. Fobes and S. Kurland, Corpus Commentarium Averrois in Aristotelem, versionum latinarum IV.1 (Cambridge, Mass.: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1956)

G. Lacombe, Aristoteles Latinus Codices (Leiden: Brill, 1957)

Index terms