Leitch, Thorburn Alexander Thomson
Introduction
Thorburn Alexander Thomson Leitch
Arrangement

Catalogue
1. Official Papers
2. Personal Papers
3. Articles, Lectures and other writings
4. Diaries
5. Newspaper Cuttings
6. Maps
7. Photographic Material
Photographs of Sudanese people and communities:
8. Museum Objects
9. Miscellanea
Reference code: GB-0033-SAD
Title: Leitch, Thorburn Alexander Thomson
Dates of creation: 1914-[1950s]
Extent: 5 boxes
Held by: Durham University Library, Archives and Special Collections
Created by: Leitch, Thorburn Alexander Thomson
Language: English, Zande, French

Thorburn Alexander Thomson Leitch

(1924 - 1995)

1948Inspector of Agriculture, Yambio, Equatoria
1948-1955Inspector of Agriculture, Equatoria Projects Board, Yambio/Ezo


Arrangement

1. Official papers
2. Personal Papers
3. Articles, Lectures and Other Writings
4. Diaries
5. Newspaper Cuttings
6. Maps
7. Photographic Material
8. Museum Objects
9. Miscellanea

Accession details

Presented by Mrs M. Leitch, 2007

Catalogue
1. Official Papers
SAD.315/6/1-30
1914 Jan 21-Nov 30
Series of letters from R.G.C. Brock, Inspector Meridi District, Bahr al-Ghazal, to R.M. Feilden, Governor, Bahr al-Ghazal concerning unrest amongst the Azande and reports by Brock detailing what he has heard about plans to drive the government out of Yambio. Also includes: letters from W.R.G. Bond, Inspector Yambio, Bahr al-Ghazal, concerning the uprising and the arrests of Sultans Basungada and Gungora; summary of the proceedings of the trial of Sultan Basungada, Sultan Gungora, and Shaykh Mopoi of the Avungara tribe in connection with their involvement in the Azande uprising (SAD.315/6/20-21); and a report by R.G.C. Brock, on the Azande chiefs located around Meridi district who held robes of honour (SAD.315/6/23-30). Also included is a cover note to Leitch from [R.G.C. Brock].
SAD.315/2/1-106
[1936]
Zande District Handbook [possibly a draft version]. Includes sections on: the physical geography of the district (SAD.315/1/4-6); history (SAD.315/2/7-8); frontiers and neighbouring administrations (SAD.315/2/9-10); administration (SAD.315/2/11-18); tribal life, society and structure (SAD.315/2/19-28,71-80); justice (SAD.315/2/29-43); medical (SAD.315/2/44-49); missions and education (SAD.315/2/50-52); communications (SAD.315/2/53-54); agriculture (SAD.315/2/55-56); forests (SAD.315/2/57-62); fauna (SAD.315/2/63-65); trade and economic development (SAD.315/2/66); and taxation (SAD.315/2/67).
Appendices include:; list of Zande clans (SAD.315/2/25-28); court rules and procedures (SAD.315/2/32-42); district road map; list of native names for unknown species (SAD.315/2/60-62); answers to tribal questionnaire (SAD.315/2/68-80); family tree of Avungara (SAD.315/2/81-84)
SAD.315/2/84-106
1946
Official papers concerning Azande resettlement. Includes: minutes of a meeting held at J.W.G. Wyld's house, Yambio, on 5 Jan 1946, concerning building programmes, the development of a research farm, area marked out as forest reserve, the development of an agricultural training centre, the Yambio water supply, the Lingassi area, staff, transport, and the programme for work 1946; memorandum by J.W.G. Wyld, District Commissioner Zande District, to B.V. Marwood, Governor Equatoria, concerning the resettlement of the Azande in organised villages and the definition of individual farms (SAD.315/2/98-99); memorandum by J.W.G. Wyld, District Commissioner Zande District, to the secretary of the Equatoria Projects Provisional Working Committee, concerning manufacture in the Zande scheme (SAD.315/2/100-101); list of Sub-Chiefs and Headmen under the Azande Chiefs Zungumbia, Basia and Uka, submitted by J.W.G. Wyld to A.G. McCall, Inspector of Agriculture Yambio (SAD.315/2/102-106)
SAD.314/12/1
1951
Synopsis of terebais (agricultural supervisors) medical records, Tembura sub-district, 1950-1951
SAD.314/12/2-25
[1952]
Ms draft of report on “Death of children among the Azande”, [by Leitch]. The report includes tables of statistics on Azande population and reproduction, 1949-1952, and a graph showing variations in new cases of sleeping sickness, 1918-1951.
SAD.314/12/26-132
1953
Interim report on the agriculture of Tembura district written by Leitch in his role as Inspector of Agriculture, Equatoria Projects Board. The report is divided into three sections.
The first section provides general information on the area and includes notes on: rivers and drainage; climate and rainfall; vegetation; soils; peoples; resettlement; staff; distribution of population; definition of various belts; chiefships; roads; trade; education; and stations. (SAD.314/12/30-48)
The second section covers agriculture and includes notes on: customary practice; crop rotations; husbandry; bush fires and erosion; tools; water supplies; the various crops grown in the district; livestock; fishing; and white ants. (SAD.314/12/49-77)
The third section comprises the appendices of the report and includes: tables giving road mileages between various towns and villages in the district; notes on flying ants; notes on fishing; and fairly extensive notes on the various tribes of the district. (SAD.314/12/78-132)
Also included with the report are:
SAD.314/12/26-27
1955 May 25
Letter to Leitch from [Desi] concerning the Tembura District report
SAD.314/12/28
1953 Mar 10
Covering letter from Leitch to the Directors of the Equatoria Projects Board
SAD.314/12/133-134
1953 Jul
Inspection report on the Bat Guano Cave at Kasia, Tembura, by S.G. Willimott, Senior Chemist, Yambio
SAD.314/12/135-158
1954 Apr 1 - 1955 Mar 31
Annual report of the Equatoria Projects Board Agricultural Section, written by Leitch. The report includes: covering letter by Leitch (SAD.314/12/136); annual raingauge statistics (SAD.314/12/137); notes on cash crops, including cotton (SAD.314/12/138-142); notes on tree crops (SAD.314/12/143-144); notes on the growing of various other crops, including coffee (SAD.314/12/145-148); note on the Sakure Sugar Plantation (SAD.414/12/148); notes on livestock (SAD.314/12/149); notes on fish ponds (SAD.314/12/150); notes on vegetable gardens (SAD.314/12/150); notes on staff changes (SAD.314/12/151-152). Appendix includes tables of statistics on cotton production and sale.
Index terms
Annual reports
SAD.314/12/159-248
[1954]
“A report on tobacco growing in the Zande districts of French Equatorial Africa”, written by Leitch for the Equatoria Projects Board. The report discusses the process of tobacco growing, giving a complete guide on nursery, plantation, harvesting, disease and fermentation. Also included is a copy of a different report, written in French, which overlaps the Leitch report somewhat (includes ms English translation) and a note on tribal population figures in various districts of [French Equatorial Africa]
Language: French
SAD.314/12/249-263
1955 Mar 1 - Jun 30
Interim report of the Equatoria Projects Board Agricultural Section, written by Leitch. The report includes: notes on staff (SAD.314/12/250); raingauge statistics for the period (SAD.314/12/250-251); notes on cotton and other crops (SAD.314/12/251-254); note on the Sakure Sugar Plantation (SAD.314/12/254); notes on livestock (SAD.314/12/254); note on fish farming (SAD.314/12/255). Appendix includes tables of statistics on cotton production (SAD.314/12/256-261.
SAD.314/12/264-281
[1955]
Interim report to the Equatoria Projects Board on labour incentive experiments and sales experiments, [written by Leitch]
SAD.314/12/282-285
[1950s]
Handing over notes for Yubu and Chief Renzi's country, written by Leitch. Discusses various administrative and agricultural issues.
SAD.314/12/286-292
[1950s]
“A short note on the experimental and demonstration at the Kajansi swamp near Kampal, Uganda”, report to the Equatoria Projects Board on a visit to Kajansi fish farm and Gulu Dam, Uganda, by Leitch
SAD.314/12/293-295
[1950s]
Note by Leitch entitled “On the use of an improved pattern of earthenware beehive, by natives of the Sudan”
SAD.314/12/296-313
[1950s]
Statistics on cultivators in [Equatoria]. Numbers of cultivators are given under [Azande] chief, then sub-chief, and headman
SAD.315/1/1-234
[1950s]
Rough ms notes and ts notes mainly on the Zande District and tribes of the Zande District. Includes: genealogical charts of various [Dinka] clans and chiefs (SAD.315/1/1-7); note on hides in the Zande District (SAD.315/1/12); notes on various crops (SAD.315/1/14-16); notes on chiefs of various Azande clans (SAD.315/1/19-20); indigenous names of various insects and animals prepared for an essay entitled “Dependence on animal and insect life” (SAD.315/1/25-38); notes on fish and fishing (SAD.315/1/39-41,63-68); notes on various crops and foodstuffs and their substitutes in times of shortage (SAD.315/1/42-50); notes on the production of honey and beeswax (SAD.315/1/51-55); quotes taken from a book by R. G. Anderson on tribal customs involving medical procedure, including mutilation as punishment (SAD.315/1/56-59); notes on domestic animals (SAD.315/1/60-62); notes on articles in Sudan Notes and Records on the Zande Scheme (SAD.315/1/69-74,81-84); list of the indigenous names of various ingredients used in traditional Azande medical treatments (with decriptions in English) (SAD.315/1/75-80); notes on the history of the Avungara (SAD.315/1/87-87a,177-179); list of edible funghi of the Zande District (SAD.315/1/88); lists of Azande words and their meanings (including foods and body parts) (SAD.315/1/89-96); notes on the introduced fruits of the Zande District (SAD.315/1/97-102); note on the soils and minerals of Tembura (SAD.315/1/103-104); notes and statistics on the export of honey and beeswax (SAD.315/1/105-107); notes on flying ants (SAD.315/1/108-118); note on the story of the sons of the Zande prince Mabenge (SAD.315/1/119-121); notes on the tribes and clans of the Tembura sub-district (SAD.315/1/122-130); notes on Zande foods, animals, and trees (SAD.315/1/131-138); notes on various fishing techniques used by the Azande, including pond emptying, poison fishing (with notes on the types of poisons used), and fish traps (SAD.315/1/139-147); list of Azande words and phrases used in connection with fishing (SAD.315/1/148); list of fish identified from streams and rivers in Zande district (SAD.315/1/149); list of fish with their Zande and Bari names along with additional descriptive notes (SAD.315/1/150-153); guide notes on collecting snake specimens (SAD.315/1/154); notes on exports of chillies (SAD.315/1/158-159); genealogical chart showing the descendants of Ezo (SAD.315/1/164); notes on Chief Madi and Chief Dika (SAD.315/1/165-173); notes on Yambio's sons (SAD.315/1/171-173); a note on the rules of a gambling game (SAD.315/1/174); notes on various Zande tribes (SAD.135/1/175-180,203-206); ts copy of the recollections of an Azande man on the history of the Azande, written in the first person, entitled “Tombris Story” (SAD.315/1/181-187); list of Azande names for birds, with English translations (SAD.315/1/188-189);“Un-corrected list of Zande - Bukuru - English words, phrases and a native's idea of verb declension” (SAD.315/1/190-202); notes in [Azande] (SAD.315/1/207-208,233-234); ts notes on the Azande Bili society (SAD.315/1/209); notes on the legend of the formation of the Zande tribe in Southern Sudan (SAD.315/1/210-214)
Language: English, Zande
SAD.315/1/215-232
[1950s]
Notes written in an Arabic notebook entitled “Customs and habits of Zande”. Notebook contains ms notes on topics related to the Azande including marriage, the history of the Azande, hunting, rainmaking, hunting by burning grass, fishing, cultivation, laws and punishments, and termites. Most of the notes are written in English, some are written in [Azande].
Language: English and Zande
2. Personal Papers
SAD.315/3/1-9
1949 - [1955]
Small collection of correspondence consisting of letters to Leitch from H. Lyon of the Ministry of Agriculture concerning a camera and photography equipment (SAD.315/3/1-2); Leitch to Prof. McArthur concerning a soil sample (SAD.315/3/3); Leitch to Professor D. Forde concerning a manuscript by [P.T.W. Baxter] on Zande agriculture (SAD.315/3/4); H. de Laszlo, Controlled Fertility Research Centre, to Leitch concerning a reference to Zande abortifacients (SAD.315/3/5); Leitch to the General Manager, Nzara, concerning a visit to tobacco farms in Uganda and Leitch's report on tobacco growing in French Equatorial Africa (SAD.315/3/6-7); Leitch to M. Spaey concerning the insurance policy on his car (SAD.315/3/8); Father Angelo to Leitch concerning a list of Zande words, his attendance at a mission retreat and conditions at Kwajok (SAD.315/3/9)
Language: English, Zande
SAD.315/7/1-16
1950 Jun 13-1954 Jul 19
Collection of game licences issued to Leitch. Also includes published Notes on the game ordinance and regulations issued by the Sudan Government, [1950s]
3. Articles, Lectures and other writings
SAD.315/4/1-6
1951
“Background to the development of a Central African tribe”, lecture on the Azande by J.W.G. Wyld, given to the Institute in London, 7 Februay 1951
SAD.315/4/7-54
1952
“A flora of Zande district”, by J.W.G. Wyld. A bound ts list of plants collected by Wyld during his term as District Commissioner of the Zande District. Includes the Azande name and the botanical name for each plant along with reference numbers to the Zande Herbareum and Flora of the Sudan, (Broun and Massey). The list is alphabetised by Azande name and botanical name. Also includes:
Language: English, Zande
SAD.315/4/7
1952 Oct 21
Letter to Leitch from J.W.G. Wyld concerning the list and Leitch's work in Zandeland
SAD.315/4/8
1952 Oct 28
Letter to Leitch from D. Forde, International African Institute, thanking him for a copy of the list
SAD.315/4/55-91
[1952]
Series of elementary lectures presented [by Leitch] to the Young Farmers Club Bakht er Ruda. Includes lectures on: mother earth; soil; seeds and plants; air, light and water; cultivation and soil erosion; plant health; food crops to grow; crop rotation; manuring the soil; crop improvement; cash crops; bees and bush fires; poultry keeping; and marketing. Also included is a copy of the constitution and rules of the Young Farmers Club Bakht er Ruda, written by Sirr al-Khatim al-Khalifa, Province Education Officer, Juba
SAD.315/4/92-99
[1954]
“Essential requirements for ramie cultivation”, article by S.G. Willimott (Miscellaneous Paper No 65)
SAD.315/4/100-173
[1950s]
“Parente et alliance chez les Bandas de l'Oubangui-Chari”, paper by E. Leynaurd on the Banda tribe of the Oubangui-Chari province of French Equatorial Africa
Language: French
4. Diaries
SAD.315/5/1-70
1955 Jul 13-Oct 11
Diary of a trip around Uganda, Belgian Congo, French Equatorial Africa, Cameroon and Nigeria, with visits to places including: Kampala (Uganda); Mbarara (Uganda); Bukavu (Belgian Congo); Goma (Belgian Congo); Paulis (Belgian Congo); Bondo (Belgian Congo); Bangassou (French Equatorial Africa); Bouar (French Equatorial Africa); Yaounde (Cameroon); and Calabar (Nigeria). Leitch mainly comments on his travel arrangements and day to day activities. Enclosures include:
Index terms
Diaries
SAD.315/5/60
1955 Jul 30
Press cutting from the Uganda Argus of an article on riots in Nzara, Zandeland
SAD.315/5/62-63
1955
Ts note detailing the events leading up to the riots at Nzara, Juba, Torit and Yei
SAD.315/5/68-69
1955 Jul 8
Letters to Leitch from [Boremu] and David Ruaza Mbot, written in [Azande]
Language: Zande
5. Newspaper Cuttings
SAD.315/7/47
1955 Jul 29
Page from The Times featuring an article, “Four killed in Sudan riots”, concerning riots in Nzara, Zandeland
SAD.315/7/55-57
1956 May 14
Article by Leitch on “What future for Zande”, from New Commonwealth
6. Maps
SAD/PF 27/5/1
1939
Communications map of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, produced by the Geographical Section, War Office, 1914 (fourth edition)
1:3,000,000
102 cm x 73 cm
SAD/PF 27/5/2
1941 Mar
Map of French Equatorial Africa showing principal roads, sheet 6, produced by the Institut Géographique National
1:2,500,000
106 cm x 74 cm
Language: French
SAD/PF 26/6/14
[1949 Jan]
Map of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan showing boundaries, rivers and larger towns, produced by the Sudan Survey Department, Khartoum
1:8,000,000
49 cm x 34 cm
Digitised material for Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (map 1949) - SAD/PF.26/6/14
SAD/PF 27/5/3
1949 Mar
Map of Southern Sudan showing boundaries and towns and villages, produced by Sudan Survey Department, Khartoum 1946, corrected March 1949
1:2,000,000
70 cm x 35 cm
SAD/PF 27/5/4
[1950s]
Route map of the Uganda Protectorate
2.5in : 40 miles
73 cm x 73 cm
SAD/PF 26/6/13
[1950s]
Survey map of the area east of Yambio, “prepared by Mr Ferguson”. Includes information on roads, streams, soil types and quality, and vegetation types and quality
28 x 21 cm
Digitised material for Map east of Yambio - SAD/PF.26/6/13
7. Photographic Material
Photographs of Sudanese people and communities:
SAD.78/11/1-70
[1950s]
Photographs of Dinka people:
SAD.78/11/1
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese man [probably Dinka] wearing beads around his neck and carrying a spear and a stick
SAD.78/11/2
1951 Aug
Southern Sudanese man [probably Dinka] standing next to cattle
SAD.78/11/3
1951 Aug
Two southern Sudanese men [probably Dinka] standing next to cattle
SAD.78/11/4-8
[1950s]
Two southern Sudanese women [probably Dinka] wearing ivory bracelets, performing actions from a dance
SAD.78/11/9
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese man, wearing metal bands around his wrists, and woman, wearing cow hide skirt [both probably Dinka] performing actions from a dance
SAD.78/11/10
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese man, wearing metal bands around his wrists, and woman, wearing cow hide skirt [both probably Dinka]
SAD.78/11/11
[1950s]
Two southern Sudanese women [probably Dinka] wearing ivory bracelets. One is wearing a triangular cow hide skirt the other is wearing an apron.
SAD.78/11/12
[1950s]
Three southern Sudanese women [probably Dinka] wearing ivory bracelets. One is wearing a triangular cow hide skirt, the other two are wearing aprons.
SAD.78/11/13-15
[1950s]
Portrait photos of a southern Sudanese woman [probably Dinka] with tribal scarring on her forehead, wearing beads and floral earrings
SAD.78/11/16-17
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese man, wearing a hat and metal bands around his wrists, and woman, wearing ivory bracelets and an apron [both are probably DInka]
SAD.78/11/18
[1950s]
Southern Sudansese man and two boys [probably Dinka]. The man is wearing a hat and metal bands around his wrists, one of the boys carries a spear and a [gourd] attached to a stick.
SAD.78/11/19-20
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese boy [probably Dinka] with tribal scarring on his forehead, wearing beads and carrying a spear and a [gourd] attached to a stick
SAD.78/11/21
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese boy [probably Dinka] with tribal scarring on his forehead, wearing a necklace
SAD.78/11/22
[1950s]
Two southern Sudanese men [probably Dinka] wearing necklaces with ivory pieces. One of the men is carrying a stick.
SAD.78/11/23-25
[1950s]
Southern Sudenese man [probably Dinka] with tribal scarring on his forehead, wearing a necklace with an ivory ring
SAD.78/11/26-28
[1950s]
Young southern Sudanese man [probably Dinka] with tribal scarring on his forehead, wearing a necklace with an ivory ring and holding a stick
SAD.78/11/29
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese man [probably Dinka] with tribal scarring on his forehead, wearing a necklace
SAD.78/11/30
1951 Aug
Southern Sudanese man [probably Dinka] with tribal scarring on his forehead, holding a stick and sitting on a tin can
SAD.78/11/31
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese man and woman [probably Dinka] holding hands. The man wears beads and ivory bracelets and a cloth covering his hair. The woman wears a cow hide apron, necklaces and bracelets and her hair is tied up in a ball of cloth on the top of her head.
SAD.78/11/32
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese man [probably Dinka] wearing beads and a cloth covering his hair
SAD.78/11/33
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese woman wearing beads [probably Dinka]. Her hair is tied up in a ball of cloth on the top of her head.
SAD.78/11/34-36
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese woman [probably Dinka] with tribal scarring on her forehead, wearing necklaces and large hoop earrings
SAD.78/11/37-38
[1950s]
Two southern Sudanese women [probably Dinka] wearing necklaces, bracelets and short cow hide aprons
SAD.78/11/39-41
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese woman [probably Dinka] wearing necklaces and ivory and metal bracelets
SAD.78/11/42-45
1951 Aug
Southern Sudanese man [probably Dinka] with tribal scarring on his forehead, wearing ivory bracelets and holding a long stick
SAD.78/11/46
1951 Aug
Southern Sudanese men [probably Dinka] seemingly standing in order of height alongside another Sudanese man wearing a jallabiyyah and turban
SAD.78/11/47-50
1951 Aug-Sep
Southern Sudanese boy [probably Dinka] with tribal scarring on his forehead, wearing necklaces and holding a spear
SAD.78/11/51
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese man [probably Dinka] with tribal scarring on his forehead, wearing necklaces and a number of piercings in his ears
SAD.78/11/52-58
1951 Aug-Sep
Southern Sudanese man [probably Dinka] wearing a cloth covering his hair, pictured sitting on an old oil tin and holding a spear
SAD.78/11/59-60
1951 Aug
Southern Sudanese boy [probably Dinka] with a cloth covering his hair and holding a spear
SAD.78/11/61
1951 Aug
Southern Sudanese man and boy [probably Dinka] with cloths covering their hair. The man is holding a spear and the boy is holding a stick.
SAD.78/11/62
[1950s]
Group of southern Sudanese men and children [probably Dinka] at a celebration. Many of the men are wearing ivory bracelets and some hold spears. The men in the centre are playing two tall drums held up on a large branch.
SAD.78/11/63-65
1951 Aug
Dance, [possibly a war dance] performed by a group of southern Sudanese men [probably Dinka] in a circle waving sticks in the air
SAD.78/11/66
1951 Aug
Group of southern Sudanese men [probably Dinka] carrying spears, sticks andaccompanied by drummers
SAD.78/11/67-69
1951 Aug
Southern Sudanese people [possibly Dinka] at a wood station by the banks of a river
SAD.78/11/70
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese men [possibly Dinka] aboard a small a boat. The man stood nearest the camera holds a rope and a spear.
SAD.317/1/1-105
[1950s]
Photographs of Azande people:
SAD.317/1/1-2
1951 Aug 25
Young southern Sudanese woman [possibly Azande] with a nose ring
SAD.317/1/3-4
1951 Aug 25
Young southern Sudanese woman [possibly Azande] with tribal scarring on her face and torso, wearing necklaces and a nose ring
SAD.317/1/5-6
1951 Aug 25
Young southern Sudanese woman [possibly Azande] with tribal scarring on her arm wearing necklaces and a nose ring
SAD.317/1/7
1951 Aug 25
Three young southern Sudanese women [possibly Azande] wearing leaves, necklaces and nose rings
SAD.317/1/8-13
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese women [possibly Azande] fishing with hand nets in a pond or dam
SAD.317/1/14-19
1951 Aug 15-Sep 18
Southern Sudanese women [possibly Azande] using bowls to drain a pond or dam with
SAD.317/1/20
[1950s]
Large group of Azande men and women at a dance. In the foreground one man plays a tall drum whilst another man sits atop and plays a traditional wooden drum or gong made in the shape of a buffalo.
SAD.317/1/21
[1950s]
Azande women, wearing leaves and apron, at a dance
SAD.317/1/22-23
[1950s]
Two southern Sudanese men [possibly Azande] dancing in grass circumcision skirts in front of a crowd of boys also wearing grass circumcision skirts
SAD.317/1/24
[1950s]
Large group of southern Sudanese boys and young men [possibly Azande] dancing in grass circumcision skirts
SAD.317/1/25-27
[1950s]
Two southern Sudanese women and child [possibly Azande], with a tukl in the background
SAD.317/1/28
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese boys and woman [possibly Azande] gathered in front of a tukl
SAD.317/1/29
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese women [possibly Azande] wearing leaves and aprons, [planting seeds]
SAD.317/1/30
[1950s]
Large group of southern Sudanese women and children [possibly Azande] gathered together in a village
SAD.317/1/41-34
[1950s]
Azande man carrying a baby in a blanket tied around his shoulder. The baby's head is bound in order to produce a tapered shape.
SAD.317/1/35-37
[1950s]
Two southern Sudanese men [possibly Azande] wearing loin cloths. One of the men is carrying an elephant's tusk on his shoulder.
SAD.317/1/38-49
[1950s]
Portrait photos of two southern Sudanese men [possibly Azande] wearing loin cloths
SAD.317/1/50
[1950s]
Two southern Sudanese boys [possibly Azande] carrying bows and arrows
SAD.317/1/51
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese boy [possibly Azande] riding a wooden bicycle
SAD.317/1/52-53
[1950s]
Two southern Sudanese boys [possibly Azande] wearing body paint
SAD.317/1/54-55
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese men [possibly Azande] with distinctly tapering heads produced by binding as a baby
SAD.317/1/56
[1950s]
Elderly Azande man, possibly an abzina or witchdoctor, wearing loin cloth, vest and hat with feather decoration. He also carries a sword in its sheath.
SAD.317/1/57
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese woman [possibly Azande] wearing an apron and carrying a bundle of sticks on her back
SAD.317/1/58
[1950s]
Azande man, wearing loin cloth and a hat with a leafy decoration, holding a spear
SAD.317/1/59
[1950s]
Group of southern Sudanese men sitting on wooden benches and children sitting on the ground [possibly Azande]
SAD.317/1/60-61
1951 Aug 25
Southern Sudanese man [possibly Azande] wearing a loin cloth
SAD.317/1/62
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese man and woman [possibly Azande] standing next to a grass fence
SAD.317/1/63
[1950s]
Elderly southern Sudanese woman, mother of the Sultan Mangi of the Azande, standing in a field of crops
SAD.317/1/64-66
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese man [possibly Azande] climbing a tree using a rope wrapped around the trunk
SAD.317/1/67-73
1951 Aug 23
Southern Sudanese men [possibly Azande] wearing loin cloths
SAD.317/1/74
[1950s]
Azande man standing in front of a Mokoko (Tephrosia Vogelii) plant. The leaves of this plant are pounded and made into a poison used by the Azande for fishing.
SAD.317/1/75
[1950s]
Azande man sitting by a river bank preparing “magics” for fishing. He is preparing a poison made from Mokoko (Tephrosia Vogelii) leaves that the Azande use for poisoning and spearing fish.
SAD.317/1/76
[1950s]
Azande man placing a tuka or spirit shrine by a river bank. The shrine consists of a stick split at the end and rebound. It is used by the Azande when poison fishing.
SAD.317/1/77
[1950s]
Azande men spearing poisoned fish after the poison made from the crushed leaves of a Mokoko (Tephrosia Vogelii) plant has been added to the water. The tuka or spirit shrine can also be seen by the river bank.
SAD.317/1/78-79
[1950s]
Large group of Azande men and women fishing in a river using spears sticks and hand baskets
SAD.317/1/80
1951 Aug 25
Azande men wading in a river, possibly fishing
SAD.317/1/81-86
[1950s]
Two southern Sudanese men [possibly Azande] in a dugout canoe on a river
SAD.317/1/87-88
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese man [possibly Azande] making pots
SAD.317/1/89
[1950s]
Azande women next to a number of large baskets filled with a harvested crop [possibly eleusine coracana (millet)]
SAD.317/1/90-91
n.d. and 1951 Aug 25
Azande workers packing cotton into sacks. The cotton sacks are attached to the wooden frame and the workers climb in to stamp the cotton down with their feet. In the foreground are large open weaved baskets called bangiribambamba, filled with cotton.
SAD.317/1/92-93
1951 Aug 23
Azande women standing amongst baskets filled with crops [possibly cotton or millet]
SAD.317/1/94-95
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese boy [probably Azande] wearing European style shirt and shorts and sitting on an Azande mbata stool
SAD.317/1/96-101
[1950s]
Interior of a sugar factory [probably Zande scheme]
SAD.317/1/102
[1950s]
Steam engine attached to a sugar factory [probably Zande scheme]
SAD.317/1/103
[1950s]
Azande woman sowing eleusine seeds as part of the Equatoria Projects Board's development of agriculture and forestry in the Azande area of Equatoria
SAD.317/1/104
[1950s]
Azande upright mortar and large wooden pestle next to pots [possibly containing cotton or cassava]
SAD.317/1/105
[1950s]
[Azande] tools [possibly used for grinding flour]
SAD.317/2/1-11
[1950s]
Photographs of Bari people:
SAD.317/2/1-7
1951 Aug 25
Bari man making and using a fish trap on the river Sue at Mbiri
SAD.317/2/8-11
1951 Aug 25
Southern Sudanese man [possibly Bari] holding up a fish by the bank of a river
SAD.317/3/1-8
[1951]
Photographs of Murle people:
SAD.317/3/1-5
1951 Aug
Group of Murle men, some with a curve shaped matted hairstyle, on the banks of the River Veveno in the Pibor Valley
SAD.317/3/6
[1951]
Full length portrait of a Murle man with a curve shaped matted hairstyle, carrying a wooden neck support / stool, probably Upper Nile Province
SAD.317/3/7-8
[1951]
Group of Murle men and women in the River Veveno in the Pibor Valley. Some of the men have curve shaped matted hairstyles and one holds a spear
SAD.317/4/1-42
[1950s]
Photographs of Mandari people:
SAD.317/4/1
1951 Aug
Southern Sudanese man and woman [probably Mandari] standing in front of a large crowd. The man is dressed in western style clothes, wearing a shirt, shorts, shoes and a hat. The woman is wearing beads, a cow hide apron and facepaint.
SAD.317/4/2
1951 Aug
Group of six southern Sudanese girls [probably Mandari] sitting on a leopard skin, wearing beads and ivory bracelets
SAD.317/4/3
1951 Aug
Two southern Sudanese girls [probably Mandari] sitting on a leopard skin, wearing beads an ivory bracelets
SAD.317/4/4-5
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese girl [probably Mandari] wearing beads, ivory bracelets and skirts
SAD.317/4/6
[1950s]
Gathering of southern Sudanese men and boys [probably Mandari]. Some of the men hold spears. The man on the farthest right wears ivory bracelets and multiple strings of beads covering his torso and neck.
SAD.317/4/7-10
1951 Aug
Large group of southern Sudanese people [probably Mandari] performing a dance. Some have painted faces and some wave sticks in the air. Trees and a village can be seen in the background.
SAD.317/4/11-15
1951 Aug
Group of four southern Sudanese men holding spears and wearing ivory bracelets. Two wear feathers on their heads and one holds a wooden club.
SAD.317/4/16-20
1951 Aug
Southern Sudanese man [possibly Mandari] fishing with a bow and arrow standing on the bank of a river
SAD.317/4/21-22
1951 Aug
Southern Sudanese [probably Mandari] with tribal scarring on his forehead, wearing necklaces, sitting on an old oil tin
SAD.317/4/23
1951 Aug
Young southern Sudanese man [probably Mandari]
SAD.317/4/24-25
1951 Aug
Southern Sudanese man [probably Mandari] wearing beads, earrings and ivory bracelets, sitting on an old oil tin
SAD.317/4/26-33
1951 Aug
Group of young southern Sudanese men [probably Mandari] some smoking pipes
SAD.317/4/34-37
1951 Aug
Young southern Sudanese man [probably Mandari] sitting on an old oil tin and smoking a pipe
SAD.317/4/38-39
1951 Aug
Young southern Sudanese men [probably Mandari] one wearing beads and smoking a pipe
SAD.317/4/40-41
1951 Aug
Young southern Sudanese man [probably Mandari] wearing beads and smoking a pipe
SAD.317/4/42
[1950s]
Three girls [probably Mandari] with a man standing near a river bank. The girls are wearing beads around their necks and waists whilst the man is carrying a [spear] and holds a club.
SAD.317/6/1-120
[1950s]
Photographs of unidentified southern Sudanese people and communities:
SAD.317/6/1-25
1951 Aug
Unidentified southern Sudanese men, women and children
SAD.317/6/26-27
[1950s]
Portraits of a southern Sudanese man wearing a cloth tied around his neck and balancing a load on his head
SAD.317/6/28-29
1951 Aug 23
2 photos of a southern Sudanese woman wearing a striped dress and face paint on one side of her face
SAD.317/6/30
[1950s]
Young Sudanese child being held up by an adult for photograph
SAD.317/6/31-32
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese man and a boy. The man has tribal scarring on his cheeks and is wearing beads.
SAD.317/6/33-34
[1950s]
Young southern Sudanese boy wearing a waist cloth
SAD.317/6/35
[1950s]
Young Sudanese girl leaning against a large rockface
SAD.317/6/36
[1950s]
Group of southern Sudanese children lying and sitting on the ground
SAD.317/6/37
[1950s]
Young southern Sudanese boy lying on the ground
SAD.317/6/38
[1950s]
Two young southern Sudanese children [possibly Azande] one wearing beads and a loin cloth
SAD.317/6/39
[1950s]
Group of southern Sudanese children [possibly Azande] with two women in the background
SAD.317/6/40
[1950s]
Sudanese man with pots
SAD.317/6/41
1951 Aug 23
Two Sudanese officials with truck at a river ferry
SAD.317/6/42
[1950s]
Sudanese man, wearing European style shirt, shorts and hat, with three children. A boy on a bicycle can just be seen on the right.
SAD.317/6/43-45
[1950s]
Sudanese boy taking a shower under a water pump
SAD.317/6/46
[1950s]
Tukls on the bank of a river. Nearer the river are two men in a dugout canoe.
SAD.317/6/47
[1950s]
Sudanese official standing besides a truck
SAD.317/6/48
[1950s]
Sudanese children playing on rocks in a river
SAD.317/6/49
[1950s]
Southern Sudanese man wearing European style shorts carrying a stick and a rope over his shoulder
SAD.317/6/50-52
[1950s]
Portraits of three different Sudanese men in European style dress
SAD.317/6/53-54
1951 Aug 25
Portraits of a young Sudanese man wearing a jallabiyya
SAD.317/6/55-56
1951 Aug 25
Portraits of a young Sudanese man wearing a turban and jallabiyya
SAD.317/6/57
[1950s]
Sudanese man with beard wearing a dark coloured hat
SAD.317/6/58-64
[1950s]
Sudanese woman in a hut
SAD.317/6/65
[1950s]
Close up of a Sudanese woman's face showing tribal scarring
SAD.317/6/66
[1950s]
Sudanese women inside a hut
SAD.317/6/67
[1950s]
Sudanese man standing by a river bank. In the background is a large modern bridge, [possibly the Roseires dam bridge].
SAD.317/6/68
1951 Aug
Full length portrait of a southern Sudanese man wearing sandals
SAD.317/6/69
[1950s]
Woman wearing a dress, necklace and headscarf, carrying a baby
SAD.317/6/70
[1950s]
Thatched structure with entrance several feet from the ground [possibly a granary or chicken house]
SAD.317/6/71
1951 Aug 25
Small thatched structure raised on stilts [possibly a chicken house]
SAD.317/6/72
[1950s]
Pot placed in a tree
SAD.317/6/
[1950s]
Small arrangement of sticks [possibly a trap]
SAD.317/6/74-120
[1950s]
48 photos of girls and young men at a dance [possibly not Sudan]. Many of the girls have hair dressed with beads.
SAD.318/1/1-71
[1950s]
Photographs relating to agricultural work:
SAD.318/1/1-4
[1950s]
Overturned truck with a group of Sudanese men in the background
SAD.318/1/5
[1950s]
British official and a group of Sudanese men investigating an overturned truck
SAD.318/1/6
1951 Aug 25
Group of Sudanese men and officials standing next to a truck
SAD.318/1/7-8
[1950s]
British official and Sudanese men amongst trees and bushes
SAD.318/1/9
[1950s]
Sudanese men performing agricultural work
SAD.318/1/10
1951 Aug 23
Sudanese men and truck at a river ferry
SAD.318/1/11-12
[1950s]
Sudanese men standing near an aquatic plant
SAD.318/1/13
[1950s]
Sudanese men crossing a river in which a wooden [dam] has been constructed to catch fish
SAD.318/1/14
1951 Aug 23
Sudanese men hoeing ground, Li Rangu, Equatoria
SAD.318/1/15-16
[1950s]
British agricultural inspector measuring the height of a plant
SAD.318/1/17
[1950s]
British agricultural inspector inspecting crops
SAD.318/1/18-21
[1950s]
Germinating seeds to be planted in planting trays
SAD.318/1/22-26
[1950s]
Group of Sudanese workers planting seeds in planting trays
SAD.318/1/27
[1950s]
Plants growing in planting trays in a nursery
SAD.318/1/28-30
[1950s]
Crops appearing in agricultural land
SAD.318/1/31-38
[1950s]
The process of “citrus budding”
SAD.318/1/39-40
[1950s]
Pineapple plant
SAD.318/1/41-46
[1950s]
Shoots and young plants
SAD.318/1/47-71
[1950s]
Various unidentified plants and trees
SAD.318/2/1-25
[1950s]
Photographs of friends, family and colleagues:
SAD.318/2/1-6
[1950s]
Unidentified British officials
SAD.318/2/7
[1950s]
British woman and child
SAD.318/2/8
[1950s]
Young British girl on a swing
SAD.318/2/9
1951 Sep 18
British woman holding a Dachshund dog
SAD.318/2/10
[1950s]
British woman standing in front of a church, possibly at Leitch's wedding
SAD.318/2/11
[1950s]
Bride, groom and clergyman at a wedding service, possibly Leitch's wedding
SAD.318/2/12-23
[1950s]
Friends of Leitch (some named) at a fancy dress party
SAD.318/2/24-25
[1950s]
“Neil” at the beach after surfing
SAD.318/3/1-23
[1950s]
Photographs of animals and wildlife
SAD.318/3/1-2
[1950s]
Gazelle grazing
SAD.318/3/3-6
[1950s]
White-tailed deer fawn
SAD.318/3/7-8
[1950s]
Shoebill stork, Balaeniceps Rex
SAD.318/3/9-10
[1950s]
Dead crocodile
SAD.318/3/11
[1950s]
Sudanese man sitting on top of a dead crocodile
SAD.318/3/12-13
[1950s]
Praying mantis
SAD.318/3/14-15
[1950s]
Snails
SAD.318/3/16
[1950s]
Bull tethered to a pole
SAD.318/3/17
1951 Aug 25
Dachshund
SAD.318/3/18
[1950s]
Dog [possibly a Zande or Basenji dog] with a group of Sudanese men
SAD.318/3/19-20
[1950s]
Antelope lying dead amongst leaves
SAD.318/3/21
[1950s]
Animal lying dead in the road
SAD.318/3/22-23
[1950s]
Baby nyala
SAD.318/4/1-31
[1930s-1950s]
Aerial photographs taken around Nzara, Li Rangu and Yambio in the far south of Equatoria:
SAD.318/4/
1937 Mar 19
Aerial view of Li Rangu airstrip, Equatoria, with notes by Leitch
SAD.318/4/2
[1930s-1940s]
Aerial view of the house of H.M. Woodman, Province Medical Inspector and Medical Officer of Health, Equatoria, in Li Rangu, Equatoria
SAD.318/4/3
[1950s]
Aerial view of Sources Yubo
SAD.318/4/4
[1950s]
Aerial view of Sakure sugar plantation
SAD.318/4/5
1937 Mar 19
Aerial view of Li Rangu, Equatoria
SAD.318/4/6
[1950s]
Aerial view of Ezo, Equatoria, with notes by Leitch pointing out various locations of interest
SAD.318/4/7
[1950s]
Aerial view of the spinning and weaving mill at Nzara, Equatoria
SAD.318/4/8
[1950s]
Aerial view of the artisans' housing area, [Nzara, Equatoria]
SAD.318/4/9
[1950s]
Aerial view of the mill and power station, Nzara, Equatoria
SAD.318/4/10
[1950s]
Aerial view of the house of K.R.M. Anthony, Equatoria Development, in [Ti Vura, Equatoria]
SAD.318/4/11
[1950s]
Aerial view of the office block, Nzara, Equatoria
SAD.318/4/12-14
[1950s]
Aerial views of Nzara, Equatoria
SAD.318/4/15-29
[1950s]
15 aerial photographs [probably around Yambio and Nzara Equatorial Province]
SAD.318/4/30-31
[1950s]
Aerial photographs of unidentified coastline
SAD.318/5/1-20
[1950s]
Photographs of buildings
SAD.318/5/1-3
1951 Aug 25
Exterior views of the house of H.M. Woodman, Province Medical Inspector and Medical Officer of Health, Equatoria, in Li Rangu, Equatoria
SAD.318/5/4-5
1951 Aug 5
Exterior views of an unidentified thatched house with palm trees in front
SAD.318/5/6
1951 Aug 23
Exterior view of an unidentified thatched guest house
SAD.318/5/7-8
[1950s]
Exterior views of large tukls
SAD.318/5/9
1951 Aug 23
Spire of the Roman Catholic Church, Khartoum, behind trees
SAD.318/5/10
1951 Aug 25
Exterior view of the Sudan Club swimming pool, Khartoum, with the spire of the Roman Catholic Church in the background
SAD.318/5/11
1951 Aug 25
Exterior view of the Sudan Club swimming pool, Khartoum
SAD.318/5/12-13
[1950s]
House and gardens in Khartoum [possibly the house of G.H. Bacon, Director of Agriculture]. The house was formerly occupied by former Director of Agriculture J.N. Cameron.
SAD.318/5/14-15
1951 Aug 25
Exterior views of [the Sudan Club, Khartoum]
SAD.318/5/16
[1950s]
Exterior view of Christ Church, Port Sudan
SAD.318/5/17-18
[1950s]
Interior views of an unidentified house
SAD.318/5/19
1951 Aug 25
The swimming pool at Li Rangu, Equatoria, under construction
SAD.318/5/20
[1950s]
Small thatched Catholic mission building
SAD.318/6/1-25
[1950s]
Selection of photographs showing various unidentified landscape views
SAD.318/7/1-6
[1950s]
Non-Sudan photographs:
SAD.318/7/1
[1950s]
View of the North African coast opposite Gibraltar
SAD.318/7/2
[1950s]
Cape Vilano off the west coast of Spain
SAD.318/7/3-4
[1950s]
The ship the Wilhem Ruys
SAD.318/7/5
[1950s]
Ferdinand de Lessops memorial, Suez Canal
SAD.318/7/6
[1950s]
View of waterfall in Kossa, French Equatorial Africa
SAD.318/8/1-9
[1950s]
Miscellaneous photographs:
SAD.318/8/1
[1955]
Chevrolet saloon car used by Leitch on a trip around Central Africa
SAD.318/8/2
[1955]
View of trees with Leitch's Chevrolet saloon car parked underneath
SAD.318/8/3
1951 Aug 25
Wooden mask hanging from a wall
SAD.318/8/4
[1950s]
View of a railway line with palm trees in the background
SAD.318/8/5
[1950s]
View of a boat in a dock
SAD.318/8/6
[1950s]
Steamboat near a town on the [River Nile]
SAD.318/8/7-8
[1950s]
Feluccas
SAD.318/8/9
[1950s]
[Building site] near a river
8. Museum Objects
SAD.G//S 1310/1
[1930s]
Spear-head [probably Azande], shaped from a single piece of iron. Narrow blade with triangular body and long, solid tang with four bevelled edges. Spear possibly used as bride wealth.
Size: 68cm long x 6 cm wide (at widest point)
Index terms
Objects
Iron severely rusted at blade
SAD.G//S 1310/2
[1930s]
Azande kpinga throwing knife, shaped from a single piece of iron. Knife has a straight central blade from which three cutting blades stem. The first cutting blade is straight and projects at an acute angle from just above the handle, with a spur at the very bottom of the blade. The second has a slight curve and stems (in the opposite direction to the first) at a right angle from the top of the central blade. The third blade is crescent in shape and continues up from the end of the central blade at the very top of the knife. The handle of the knife is made from plant fibre woven in a zigzag pattern
Size: 45cm long x 33cm wide
Index terms
Objects

Digitised material for Throwing knife, c.1930s - SAD.G//S 1310/2 Iron rusted all over and handle worn through in parts
9. Miscellanea
SAD.315/7/17-45
[1951-1955]
Route reports compiled by the Royal East African Automobile Association giving details of routes around the French Congo and the Belgian Congo and from Nairobi to Yola in Northern Nigeria. Includes photostats of route maps and correspondence.
SAD.315/7/46
1955
Leitch's membership card for the Expatriate Civil Servants' Association of the Sudan
SAD.315/7/48-53
1955-1956
International customs permit book issued by the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile and recording Leitch's passings through customs during a trip around Central Africa
SAD.315/7/58-94
[1950s]
Selection of children's essays written in romanized [Azande]
Language: Zande