1919 Oct 17-1950 Jul 15
Papers relating to the Gezira irrigation scheme. Mainly includes copies of various legal agreements between the Sudan Government, the Kassala Cotton Company Ltd. and the Sudan Plantation Syndicate Ltd., along with related correspondence. Also includes two transcripts of radio presentations (dated 1943 and 1950) made by A. Gaitskell, former Assistant Manager of the Sudan Plantations Syndicate and Managing Director of the Sudan Gezira Board, a printed constitution of the Gezira Tenants' Representative Body, and a copy of the 1939 Standard Conditions of Tenancy in the Gezira Irrigation Scheme with separate notes on changes made for the 1941 amendment.

1955 Sep 10-1958 Jun 30
Papers relating to the Managil extension of the Gezira scheme, including correspondence, notes, memoranda and reports on various aspects of the Managil extension scheme written by Carmichael and others. Issues addressed in these papers include, amongst others, the finance of the scheme, labour, housing, cotton and other crops, and the progress of the scheme at various stages of development. Also included are minutes and related papers for meetings of various bodies appointed to address issues relating to the Managil project.

[1940s-1950s]
Two maps showing the Managil extension of the Gezira scheme:

[1936]-1959 Mar 14
Papers relating to relations between Egypt and the Sudan in connection with the sharing of Nile waters. Papers include correspondence, reports, memoranda and notes written by Carmichael and others. Issues addressed in these papers include: the construction by Egypt of the High Dam at Aswan; the construction by Sudan of the Roseires Dam; the development of Lake Tsana, Ethiopia; Sudanese and Egyptian irrigation; and the Gezira and Managil irrigation schemes. Items include:

1956 Mar 23-1959 Mar 10
Papers relating to irrigation and agriculture in the Sudan. File contains reports, correspondence and memoranda mainly on the Roseires Dam but also on the Kenana Sugar Scheme, the Managil extension project and irrigation in general. Also contains some papers on agriculture in general. Includes:

1958 Feb 13-Mar 6
Reports on irrigation:

1952 Jan 30-1957 Jan 3
Papers relating to cotton. Includes various notes, correspondence, memoranda and reports by Carmichael and others mainly on issues of cotton marketing but also on other related issues such as cotton production. Also includes much information relating to the British textile industries particularly the Liverpool cotton industry and the British Wool Marketing Board. Example items include:

1957 Feb 23-1959
Papers relating to cotton. Includes various notes, correspondence, memoranda and reports by Carmichael and others mainly on issues of cotton marketing but also on other related issues such as cotton production on irrigation schemes and private estates. Example items include:

1957 Nov 30-1958 Mar 20
Papers relating to cotton auctions. Includes: copies of circulars distributed by the Sudan Gezira Board, Sales Office, mostly detailing the amounts of cotton of various types and grades to be put up for auction on certain dates (30 Nov 1957 - 20 Mar 1958); copies of circulars distributed by the Ministry of Finance and Economics, Cotton Section, mostly detailing the amounts of cotton, of various types and grades, sold with the price and the name of the buyer (3 Dec 1957 - 18 Mar 1958); 7 tables of figures detailing cotton sales between 19 Nov and 13 Dec 1957

1953 Oct 22-1957 Apr 17
Memoranda and other papers written by Carmichael and others relating to the introduction of an independent Sudanese currency. Includes:

1955-1959 Mar 15
Papers written by Carmichael and others relating to currency negotiations with Egypt in support of the Sudan case. Notes, memoranda, articles, reports and correspondence on issues including: the introduction of a Sudanese national currency; the repatriation of Egyptian currency in circulation in the Sudan; and the Sudanese debt to Egypt. Includes:

1956
File of statistics prepared for currency negotiations with Egypt following Sudanese independence. Includes statistics (mostly covering 1946-1955 but in some cases extending as far back as 1926) on: “Balance of trade and balance of payments between Egypt and the Sudan”, “Official currency”, and “National Bank of Egypt note issue”, along with various other issues such as population and exports. Also includes supporting documentation such as notes, correspondence and extracts from reports, memoranda, and articles

1955
Papers relating to the expansion of the Sudan Defence Force in the lead up to independence. Includes:

1953 Aug 28-1956 Apr 15
Papers relating to Sudanisation and compensation of expatriates and British officials. Reports, memoranda, notes, correspondence and other papers, written by Carmichael and others. These papers include information on a wide range of issues in connection with Sudanisation, mainly to do with compensation and financial arrangements but also to do with other issues such as the Sudanisation of particular departments and ministries, the recruitment of replacement officials, and the political repercussions of the British withdrawal from the Sudan. Included amongst these papers are:

1954 Aug 7-1958 Feb 9
Notes, reports, memoranda, newspaper extracts and correspondence relating to development in the Sudan. The papers, written by Carmichael and others, address financial issues relating to development and specific development projects as well as issues such as: agriculture and irrigation; foreign aid; and Sudan Railways. Specific items include:

1955
Reports and memoranda on development in Jordan and the Far East. Consists of:

[1957]
“Data required from the Government of the Republic of the Sudan by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development”, extensive memorandum divided into seven sections giving data on the following issues: population; development of production in the last decade; transport and communications; foreign trade and balance of international payments; money and banking; government finances; development potential and programme. The report also contains copies of the following related memoranda:

1954 Jun-1962 Jun 12
Papers relating to budgets and appropriation bills. Copies of speeches, notes and memoranda relating to central and development budgets and appropriation bills. Includes typescript copies of the 1954-55 and 1955-56 budget speeches and typescript copies of broadcast statements given by the Minister of Finance and Economics on the occasion of the 1961-62 and 1962-63 budgets.

1924 Aug
Financial memorandum No 4: Sudan government note on the Sudan revenue derived from Egypt and in particular the arrangement by which customs duties collected by Egypt on goods destined for the Sudan are handed over to the Sudan government

1935
“Sudan Government receipts and expenditure 1899-1935”, printed for the Finance Department, Khartoum, with manuscript annotations

1925, 1953 Sep 30-1959
General papers on various issues related to the Sudan's finances and economy. Notes, correspondence, memoranda, reports, and other items on issues including: labour, taxation, financial policy, investment policy, foreign aid and other involvement in Sudanese financial affairs, salaries in the South, foreign exchange reserves, cost of living, import control, price control, central bank, businesses, and agriculture. Items include:

1947 Aug 11-1953 Dec 23
Printed statements issued by the Finance Department, Sudan Government, to the public and the press. Includes:

1953-1959 Mar 26
Various reports in connection with the Sudan's economy and finances. Includes:

1954
Papers on banking policy and exchange control collected at the request of the Minister of Finance, Sayyid Hammad Tewfik Hammad. Includes various notes and memoranda on the subjects.

1955
Report by B.K. Nehru and P.J. Jeejeebhoy on the finances and economy of the Sudan. The report is divided into the following parts: currency (discussing the issue of a proposed separate currency for the Sudan and arrangements for the change-over from British currency); external payments arrangements; banking (discussing a proposed central bank for the Sudan, banking legislation and credit control); and exchange control. The report is prefaced by a covering letter from Nehru and Jeejeebhoy presenting the report to Sayyid Hammad Tewfik Hammad, Minister of Finance.
Also included in the file is a note written by Carmichael giving his opinions on the Nehru and Jeejeebhoy report (SAD.993/5/4-8) with a covering letter to [W.H.T. Luce] (SAD.993/5/1-3).

[1955-1960s]
Notes, memoranda and other papers relating to the Sudan. Includes:

1950 Aug 10-1954 Dec 20
Correspondence and notes, including letters to and from Carmichael as well as copies of letters exchanged between other officials. The letters cover a wide range of topics though they are largely on financial and economic subjects relevant to Carmichael's role as Deputy Financial Secretary and later Permanent Under Secretary, Ministry of Finance. Particular topics include: irrigation and specific irrigation projects; cotton growing and marketing; crops and agriculture; Sudanese national currency; relations with Egypt on the issue of Nile waters and also on financial and currency issues; Sudan Light & Power Company; financial aid; Sudanisation; and the future of British influence in the Sudan. Some letters address personal subjects. Letters include:

1955 Jan 6-1959 Mar 4
Correspondence and notes mainly between Carmichael and other officials though also including some letters solely between other officials. The letters cover a wide range of topics though they are largely on financial and economic subjects relevant to Carmichael's role as Permanent Under Secretary at the Ministry of Finance, and later Financial Adviser. Particular topics include: Sudan independence; Sudanisation; the situation at the Ministry of Finance; the situation at the London Sudan Agency; a Sudanese national currency; compensation for expatriates and British officials; irrigation and specific irrigation projects; cotton growing and marketing; crops and agriculture; relations with Egypt on the issue of Nile waters and also on financial and currency issues. Some letters address personal subjects. Letters include:

1958 Nov 13 – 1959 Jan 5
Letter book containing carbon copies of letters sent by Carmichael, from his home in Fife, in his role as Financial and Economic Advisor to the Sudan Government to various respondents. Including: two letters to Sayyid Ibrahim on the issue of cotton marketing in the Sudan, Carmichael's distress at the financial position of the Sudan and the lack of information being received from Khartoum (SAD.994/2/1-8); letter to Watson discussing a memorandum received on the Sudanese financial situation (SAD.994/2/9-11); letters to `Abd al-Majid congratulating him on his appointment as Minister of Finance, Economics and Trade in the Sudan, the cotton trade, British Export Credits to the Sudan, and the expiration of Carmichael's contract (SAD.994/2/12-19,23-25); letter to Cotterill regarding a draft document outlining the British Export Credit to the Sudan (SAD.994/2/20-22).

1960 Feb 12
“Points arising from participation in the Fifth Committee at the XIVth General Assembly of the United Nations”, memorandum by Carmichael

1962 Jan 25
“The role of government budgetary policy in African development”, memorandum by Carmichael

1967 Mar
“Impressions formed on a tour of our companies in Africa”, report by Carmichael. This report was prepared for the company Fisons Ltd., a leading British pharmaceutical, scientific instrument and horticultural chemical manufacturer, of which Carmichael was a director. The report gives an analysis of the political and economic situations in Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Mauritius, South Africa and Rhodesia – all countries in which Fisons Ltd. had subsidiary companies.

1936 Dec 30-1937 Mar 8
Diary by Carmichael, in his role as Assistant Meteorologist, Posts and Telegraphs Meteorological Section, Khartoum, of an inspection tour from Kassala to Juba, via Gedaref and Kosti, and back up to Khartoum, via Malakal. The main purpose of the tour is given as “the establishment of ‘upper wind stations’ at Kassala and Juba to give length and breadth to the Sudan network of ‘second-order’ stations”. The diary includes much information relating to Carmichael's work at various places along the way, in connection with his role as Assistant Meteorologist, together with observations on many of the places. It also includes information on: the difference between the huts in Kassala and the tukls of the surrounding villages (SAD.994/4/13-15); a visit to Sabderat, Eritrea (SAD.994/4/17-19); a visit to Gallabat and a music performance by [Gummas] (SAD.994/4/20-22); the journey by steamer down the White Nile from Kosti to Juba with descriptive observations on much of the surrounding country, wildlife and villages (SAD.994/4/24-34); the local tribes around the sudd (SAD.994/4/27-34); Carmichael's opinions on religious missions in the Sudan and the state of education in the South (SAD.994/4/31,37-38); Carmichael's opinion of Juba and the government personnel there (SAD.994/4/34-36); the lack of landing facilities for aeroplanes in the South of the Sudan (SAD.994/4/35); the Bari ethnic groups around Juba (SAD.994/4/36-37); a small inspection tour from Juba to Loka and Yei with a stop at Lalyo (all of which are in Mongalla Province) (SAD.994/4/37-40); another small inspection tour from Juba to Liria, Torit and Opari (all of which are in Mongalla Province) (SAD.994/4/40-44); the journey by steamer north from Juba to Malakal (SAD.994/4/44-46); an incident in which a barge upon which Carmichael was dining separated from the steamer which was towing it and crashed into the bank of the Nile (SAD.994/4/45); a trip from Malakal to Akobo (SAD.994/4/46-51); a disastrous ferry journey across the Sobat River (SAD.994/4/46-48); Carmichael's opinions on Malakal (SAD.994/4/51-53); a trip to Doleib Hill (SAD.994/4/52-54); the journey up the Nile from Malakal back to Khartoum, with a stop in Renk (SAD.994/4/54-55). Note: page 49 (SAD.994/4/53) is a rewritten version of page 48 (SAD.994/4/52) with much the same information. The diary also contains 49 pp. of unlabelled mathematical equations and diagrams most likely related to Carmichael's work (SAD.994/4/56-81).

1957 Feb 24-1982
Sudan related speeches:

1961 Nov 25
“The Sudan Budget”, a talk given by Carmichael to the Anglo-Sudanese Association

1960s-[1980s]
Other speeches:

1952-1953
“Ramadan 1952 to Crail 1953” – Ramadan, Omdurman; Mahdi's tomb, Omdurman; panorama views; garden party, Khartoum; crowds by Gordon statue; Tommy's party; jetty / pier; Camel Corps (Anglo-Egyptian Agreement Day); Crail (Scotland) in early part of holiday; christening
8mm colour film; 200ft

Digital copy

1954-1955
Khartoum 1954/55 & Omdurman. Trees and shrubs; ferry boat, including donkey; fishing; garden; saqiyah; suq in Omdurman; garden; sailing boats on the Nile at Khartoum; Blue Nile bridge
8mm colour film; 200ft

Digital copy

1955
“Early 1955. H.E.'s departure and arrival; Queen's birthday parade; British troops' departure; Gifford's departure”. Mahdi's tomb, Omdurman; soldiers marching; camels; male dancers with horns on heads; acrobatics in front of Mahdi's tomb; soldiers in march past in Khartoum; Governor-General's Rolls Royce, Kitchener Memorial School of Medicine in background; Sudanese dignitaries greeting the Governor-General; Sir Knox Helm and al-Azhari; Khartoum station; Governor-General's Rolls Royce; football
8mm colour film; 200ft

Digital copy

1955
“Khartoum 1955; garden etc.” Garden and flowers; truck; donkeys; drawing water from well; washing clothes; herds of goats, etc.; watering animals; making tea; saqiyah
8mm colour film; 175ft

Digital copy

1956 Jan 1
“ Independence Day, 1 January 1956”. Judges; dignitaries arriving at the Palace; garden party; Sudanese flag being raised above the Palace
8mm colour film; 50ft

Digital copy

[1950s]
Rome; picnic with birds on Nile
8mm film; 50 ft

Digital copy

1957
Kfouri pool; cricket, 1957
8mm film; 50 ft

[ca. 1955]
Picnic; British troops leaving the Sudan
8mm film; 50 ft

Digital copy

[ca. 1950s]
On the Thames
8mm film; 50 ft

[ca. 1950s]
Unidentified content
8mm film; 50 ft

[ca. 1950s]
Jabal Auliya; launch
8mm film; 50 ft

Digital copy

[ca. 1950s]
Genoa; Alexandria; Khartoum
8mm film; 50 ft

[ca. 1950s]
Erkowit
8mm film; 50 ft

Digital copy

[ca. 1950s]
Abyssinia; Carmichael's first garden
8mm film; 50 ft

[ca. 1950s]
Coming home; motor trip in south of England
8mm film; 50 ft

Digital copy

[ca. 1950s]
DVD containing edited sections of Carmichael's personal films

[1950s]
The following government publicity films were produced in the 1950s, immediately before or after independence. The original 16mm films have now been remastered on 16mm negatives and fine grain positives, with copies on both Betacam and VHS, the latter including a time code.

[1950s]
“Song of Khartoum”
Scenes in and around Khartoum: flowers in public gardens; musician, Hasan Atiyah, playing and singing with the Nile and Tuti Island in the background; Blue Nile bridge; riverside scenes; street scenes including mosque and suq
Video 27
16mm colour film with soundtrack; 6 minutes

Digital copy

[1950s]
“Khartoum zoo”
Children visiting the zoo in Khartoum
Video 27
16mm colour film with soundtrack; 9 minutes

Digital copy

[1950s]
“Kosti to Juba by steamer”
Scenes on the journey from Kosti to Juba from the deck of the steamer Nasir, including the White Nile bridge at Kosti; Kodok; Malakal; Jonglei area; sudd; Nuer area; Bor; elephants; Dinka summer village on the banks of the river; passengers on the steamer; killing of crocodile; arrival at Juba
Camera: Barry Matthew; assistant cameraman and scriptwriter: Kamal M. Ibrahim
Video 27
16mm colour film with Arabic commentary; 10 minutes

Digital copy

[1950s]
“Parliament”
Inauguration of the first Sudan parliament, 1 January 1954, showing Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi, Dardiri Ahmad Ismail, Sayyid `Ali al-Mirghani, Ismail al-Azhari the Prime Minister and other dignitaries arriving at the parliament building; Sudanese battalion marching past; Sir Robert Howe arriving; inspection of guard of honour; teaparty after official opening
Produced by the Sudan Public Relations Office
Video 27
16mm colour film with Arabic commentary; 8 minutes

Digital copy

[1950s]
“Katire sawmills”
Wood production, including cutting down and sawing teak and mahogany trees; tractor pulling logs; rolling logs down hillside; sawing planks; sharpening saw; stores of planks of wood (main provider of wood for the Gezira scheme and the railways); furniture making
Video 27
16mm colour film with Arabic commentary; 13 minutes

Digital copy

[1950s]
The following government publicity films were produced in the 1950s, immediately before or after independence. The original 16mm films have now been remastered on 16mm negatives and fine grain positives, with copies on both Betacam and VHS, the latter including a time code.

[ca. 1958-1959]
“Sudan Currency”
Production of Sudan bank notes and scenes depicted on them, including the Palace; Sudanese battalions; cotton growing and picking; bucket dredger at work in the Managil Extension project; sawmills; sugar cane; cattle; mining; workshop; Sudanese Embassy, London?; making of banknotes at Waterlow and Sons' office in London; Airwork Ltd. aircraft arriving in Khartoum with a delivery of banknotes; military guard; soldiers in marchpast; herd of elephants; dam; steamer and felucca; Khartoum University; camels; coins; Barclays Bank; telegraph office; suq; football match; military band
Produced for the National Guidance Office
Video 27
16mm colour film with Arabic commentary; 18 minutes

Digital copy

[ca. 1954]
“Edd el Ghanem”
Visit of the Prime Minister Ismail al-Azhari to Edd el Ghanem in Darfur, ca.1954, including the P.M.'s arrival; musicians; tribal leaders; horsemen; guard of honour; young boys singing; Western Arab Corps?; tribal gathering; marchpast; greeting an elderly tribal leader; inspection of horses; races and horse stunts; musicians and dancers; women washing clothes at a fulah; drawing water for animals; races; distribution of prizes; farewell to the P.M.
Produced for the National Guidance Office, Ministry of Social Affairs, Khartoum
Video 28
16mm b & w film with Arabic commentary; 14 minutes

Digital copy

[1950s]
“Port Sudan”
English commentary on the history of Port Sudan with views of the annual parade of Kassala Province police in front of the Ministry of the Interior; oil installations; salt extraction plant; Harbour Master's Department; dockyard workshops; harbour fire brigade; railways and station; customs; extension to harbour
Written and produced for the National Guidance Office, Ministry of Social Affairs, Khartoum by C.E. Tookey and M. Eid, with the cooperation of Sudan Railways
Video 28
16mm colour film with English commentary; 28 minutes

Digital copy

[1950s]
“El Rizaiqat tour”
Visit of the Prime Minister Ismail al-Azhari to Darfur, including the P.M. greeting dignitaries, travelling through the bush; inspecting a guard of honour; horsemen with spears; girls dancing; drummers; marchpast of horsemen with spears and rifles; P.M. travelling in open-topped car; horse races and demonstrations of horsemanship; girls dancing; fulah; sunset; fireworks; arrival of aeroplane with British crew; P.M. presenting robes of honour
Produced for the National Guidance Office, Ministry of Social Affairs, Khartoum
Video 29
16mm colour film with Arabic commentary; 13 minutes

Digital copy

[1950s]
“Zande scheme”
Illustrating the work of the Zande scheme, including map of the Sudan showing main towns on the Nile and the position of Zandeland; picking, weighing and packing cotton; selling the crop; packing in sacks; handing out salt as payment; British D.C. paying for cotton; processing plant; turning cotton into bales; machinery; making oil; making bars of soap at Nzara; cotton processing plant; Equatorial Projects Board Trading Division building; selling rolls of cotton; tailor making shorts
Produced by the Sudan Film Unit, Khartoum
Video 29
16mm b & w film with Arabic commentary; 31 minutes

Digital copy

[ca. 1930s-1940s]
Series of 8 printed photographs produced by Boxall and Company to illustrate the production of gum Arabic. The photographs were taken by W. Beam and reproduced by permission of the Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories.

1956 Feb 2
Part copy of article from Wool record on “World consumption of textile fabrics”

1956-1957
Reynolds & Gibson, Market report, nos 75-78, with newsletter announcing the new Liverpool Sudan futures contract

1956 Sep-1957 Dec
Cotton: monthly review of the world situation, vol 10, nos 2,4-7; vol 11, nos 3-5

1956 Mar 3-1957 Dec 28
R. & E. Huri & Co., Cotton Facts, Alexandria

Printed material deposited with collection; now integrated into the library's printed collections and catalogued on the Open Public Access Catalogue