Udal, Nicholas Robin
Introduction
Nicholas Robin Udal
Arrangement

Catalogue
1. Official Papers
(a) Education
(b) Political developments
(c) Sayyid &ayn;Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi
2. Personal Papers
3. Articles, Speeches
4. Miscellanea
5. Photographic Material
(i) Albums
(ii) Loose photographs
6. Newspaper Cuttings
7. Museum Objects
8. Printed Material
(b) In Library
Reference code: GB-0033-SAD
Title: Udal, Nicholas Robin
Dates of creation: 1898-1964
Extent: 2 boxes
Held by: Durham University Library, Archives and Special Collections: Sudan Archive
Created by: Udal, Nicholas Robin
Language: English

Nicholas Robin Udal

(1883 - 1964)

1906-1915 Inspector, Education Department, including Sennar Province and Khartoum; House Tutor, Gordon College
1914-1918 War service: Political officer for H.M.S. Dufferin on patrol duty in the Mediterranean, 1915 ; press censor on the Egypt/Sudan frontier; acting A.D.C. to General Sir F.R. Wingate in Cairo, 1916-1918
1915-1918 Chief Inspector of Education, Blue Nile and Kordofan
1918-1930 Assistant Director of Education
1927-1930 Warden of Gordon College


Arrangement

1. Official Papers (Post Sudan Service)
(a) Education
(b) Political developments
(c) Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman al Mahdi
2. Personal Papers
3. Articles, Speeches
4. Miscellanea
5. Photographic Material
(i) Albums
(ii) Loose Photographs
6. Newspapers Cuttings
7. Museum Objects
8. Printed Material

Accession details

Presented by Udal, 1960, & J.O. Udal, 1990-1996

1. Official Papers
(a) Education
SAD.779/8/1-26
1931
Annual report on Gordon Memorial College for 1930 by C.W. Williams, Warden covering staff changes, including the retirement of Udal, buildings and accommodation, statistics and students, class work, Arifs' section, Somali pupils, employment, fees, boarding house, health, games and ex-pupils at the American University of Beirut
SAD.779/8/27-76
1933 Mar 7
Report of a committee appointed by the Governor-General to review the educational policy for the northern Sudan. The committee members were R.K. Winter, H.A. MacMichael and H.E. Fass
SAD.779/9/1-3
1961 May 18
Minutes of a meeting of the trustees and executive committee of the Gordon Memorial College Trust Fund
(b) Political developments
SAD.779/9/4-9
1947
List of questions posed by Lord Stansgate to Sir Reginald Wingate on the likely course of events in the Sudan, with related correspondence from Lord Stansgate to Wingate, with reply, and from Wingate and C.G. Davies to Udal
SAD.779/9/10-13
1952 Feb 27
Note by Sir Cecil Cumings, Legal Secretary on obstacles in the way of immediate independence for the Sudan, with covering letter to Udal
SAD.403/1/1-6
1954 Sep
“A note on Sudan politics since 1938” confidential note by Udal
SAD.779/9/14-18
1955 Nov
Report on Southern Sudan, by Colin Legum
SAD.779/9/19-25
1959 Feb 13 - 1960 Aug 5
Correspondence between Udal and Selwyn Lloyd concerning affairs in the Sudan, including a draft letter from Udal re Siddiq al-Mahdi (779/9/22-23)
(c) Sayyid &ayn;Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi
SAD.779/10/1-88
1919 Jul 31 - 1951 Dec 24
Correspondence from and concerning Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi, a personal friend of N.R.U. From 1951 until his death in 1959, N.R.U. acted as personal and political adviser in the U.K. to Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman. Letters include Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman re his interview with the King in 1919 and N.R.U.'s engagement (779/10/1), with thanks for N.R.U.'s letter to The Times (1940) in defence of the Mahdi (779/10/2-4), re his wish to present a wedding present to Princess Elizabeth, with related correspondence between J. Colville and N.R.U. (779/10/5-27), re his disatisfaction with a broadcast by Lord Stansgate in which he referred to the Mahdi as a 'slave trader' (779/10/29-30), with N.R.U.'s letters to Lord Stansgate and replies (779/10/32, 34-39); S.N. Kurkjian to N.R.U. and N.R.U. to Sir James Robertson, with reply, re Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman's wish to appoint N.R.U. his personal and political adviser in the U.K. (779/10/41-42,49-51,53-55)); N.R.U. to the P.M. Clement Atlee setting out Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman's views on Egyptian involvement in the process of self-government for the Sudan (779/10/43-48); `Abd Allah Bey Khalil, Sec-Gen Umma Party to the editor of The Sunday Times re the aspirations of the Umma Party, written in response to an article of the previous week (779/10/60); Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman re his advice to the leaders of the Umma Party not to take any actions before discussions with the Governor-General (779/10/63-64); Sir George Schuster urging the introduction of self- determination for the Sudan as soon as possible (779/10/76); Sir James Robertson re the damage caused to Anglo/Sudanese relations by the statements issued by the Umma Party delegation in Paris, with comments by N.R.U. (779/10/77-78); Sir James Robertson re British disquiet at the Umma Party's close association with Fenner-Brockway and 'The Congress of Peoples against Imperialism' (779/10/81-82); N.R.U. to W.F. Casey, editor of The Times, explaining the actions of the Umma Party delegation in Paris and attempting to distance them from the senior party members in the Sudan (779/10/84- 88)
SAD.779/11/1-113
1952 Jan 5 - Dec 28
Papers concerning Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi, consisting chiefly of correspondence from Sir James Robertson criticising Umma Party press releases (779/11/5-8), re progress with the new constitution (779/11/12-14,16-17); N.R.U. to the editor of The Times re Sudan's willingness to discuss with Egypt and Britain their future foreign relations, after the granting of self-determination (779/11/18-20); Robertson re the selection by Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman of an Umma Party team to travel to Cairo for talks and the reaction of Sayyid `Ali al-Mirghani and the Ashigga to this news (779/11/32-34) and re the outcome of the Cairo talks (779/11/46); Robertson to Prof L.F. Rushbrook Williams at The Times concerning difficulties facing Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman after the Cairo talks (779/11/47-48); Robertson re the fall of Hilali Pasha in Egypt (779/11/54); Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman re his invitation from Sirri Pasha for talks in Cairo (779/11/56-58); Lord Lloyd to N.R.U. extending an invitation to Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman to a royal garden party and audience with the Queen (779/11/61); Robertson re the latest Egyptian cabinet crisis and his fears for Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman's visit to Cairo (779/11/63-64); Robertson re rumours of a planned coup d'état by Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman, his fears for Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman's close ties with Egypt and indications that H.M.G. plan to 'go slow' over the new self-government statute (779/11/68-70); R.C. Mayall re misrepresentation in The Times of the outcome of the Umma Party talks in Cairo (779/11/77); Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman re his decision to send his son Siddiq al-Mahdi with Sayyid `Abd Allah Khalil to London for talks with the P.M. (779/11/86-87); N.R.U. to the Editor of the Daily Telegraph refuting that newspaper's claims of Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman's ambition to be King of the Sudan (779/11/96); Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman re points of agreement and disagreement between the Sudan and Egypt (779/11/101-102); Robertson re Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman's role in delaying the movement towards elections and self-determination in return for Egyptian recognition, the folly of his insistence that all nazirs and heads of courts should resign before standing for Parliament and Robertson's fears for the south (779/11/108-110,112-113); draft telegram from N.R.U. to Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman urging him to resist any curtailment of the Govenor-General's powers safeguarding the south (779/11/111). Also includes:
SAD.779/11/1
1952 Jan 5
Note by N.R.U. of an interview with Sir James Robertson, assuring him of Britain's intention to honour their pledges to the Sudanese people
SAD.779/11/2-4
1952 Feb 20
Note on the political situation in the Sudan by N.R.U.
SAD.779/11/6
1952 Feb 18
Press summary of El Nil including claims that 'collaboration is injurious to the nation'
SAD.779/11/9
1952 Feb 23
Note of a conversation between N.R.U. and a provincial D.C. on the new Party
SAD.779/12/1-89
1953 Jan 1 - 1954 Dec 1
Papers relating to Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi including correspondence from Sir James Robertson to N.R.U. re the closer ties between the Umma Party and Egypt and the apparent withdrawal of Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman into the background (779/12/2); draft letter from N.R.U. to Sayyid 'Abd al-Rahman re his concern at the agreement reached between the Umma Party and other political parties in the Sudan and Egypt which would lead to the removal of all British officials and endanger the Governor-General's powers to safeguard the south (779/12/4-5); Robertson re reassurances from various sources that recent Umma Party moves should not be construed as anti-British (779/12/6); Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman re discussions with the Governor-General on safeguards for the south (779/12/7-9); Robertson re discussions with Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman over the latter's distrust of Egypt and fears for the effects of Egyptian propaganda in the Sudan (779/12/15-16); Sir Kinahan Cornwallis re the need to trust Sudanese leaders in their dealings with the south (779/12/22); Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman re the conclusion of the Anglo-Egyptian agreement (779/12/23-24); Sir Kinahan Cornwallis re Najib's dealings with Britain (779/12/28-29); Robertson re Selwyn Lloyd's visit to Khartoum and accusations by Sayyid Saddiq against the British administration in the south (779/12/30-31); Siddiq al-Mahdi and Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman re Egyptian interference in the Sudanese elections (779/12/46-48,50-51); L.F. Rushbrook Williams re his belief that Egyptian interference in the Sudan will lead to a 'severe reaction in favour of independence' (779/12/52-53); Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman re the death on 1 Mar of independence supporters protesting against the presence of Gen. Najib (779/12/59-60). Also includes:
SAD.779/12/33
Magazine photograph of Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman and President Nasser
SAD.780/2/1-85
1955 Jan 8 - 1957 Dec 23
Papers relating to Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi and his family including correspondence from Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman re continued Egyptian propaganda in the Sudan, accusations against the Umma Party in Gen. Najib's recently published biography and re the presentation of a sword to Sir Winston Churchill on the occasion of his 80th birthday (780/2/1,3,5-6); Siddiq al-Mahdi re the agreement of Parliament to the evacuation of foreign troops and re the mutiny in the south (780/2/12); Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman re Umma Party support for the government, the southern mutiny, opposition in the British press to the Umma Party and Sayyid `Ali al-Mirghani's insistence on holding the middle ground (780/2/14-18); Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman re irregularities in the elections (780/2/23-24) and re the defeat of the Azhari government (780/2/30-31). The remaining letters concern Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman's health and payment to N.R.U. for his services as Adviser
SAD.780/3/1-63
1958 Jan 6 - 1963 Mar 3
Papers relating to Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi and his family including numerous letters concerning Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman's health, chiefly from his doctor Pierre W. Duchosal of Geneva and correspondence from Muhammad al-Hasan Diab re dissension between the Umma and Peoples Democratic Parties (780/3/6-8); Muhammad al-Hasan Diab re the 1958 military coup (780/3/19); telegram to N.R.U. announcing the death of Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman (780/3/26); letters of condolence from Muhammad al-Hasan Diab, Sir James Robertson, Sir Geoffrey Archer, Dr. Pierre Duchosal, Selwyn Lloyd, Sir Edwin Chapman-Andrews, British Ambassador to the Sudan, Sir Kinahan Cornwallis and Sir Christopher Cox (780/3/27-42); Muhammad al-Hasan Diab to N.R.U. re support for Sayyid Siddiq and the appointment of a committee to arrange a suitable memorial for Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman (780/3/43-44); correspondence re the presentation to Sayyid Siddiq by N.R.U. of the Mahdi's qu`ran, taken after the bombardment of the Mahdi's tomb in 1898 (780/3/45-55); and letters enclosing contributions to the memorial fund for Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman (780/3/56- 61)
2. Personal Papers
SAD.780/4/1-69
1904 Nov 2 - 1936 Feb 9
Personal correspondence relating to Udal's service in the Sudan and subsequent career after retirement from the Sudan, including testimonials from school and university (780/4/1-8); Sir Reginald Wingate in praise of the work at Gordon College, 1915 (780/4/9); letter of thanks from M. Murray on behalf of the Prince of Wales (780/4/11); K. Cornwallis re the omission of Udal's name from the Hijaz despatch (780/4/13); letter of thanks from Sir Reginald Wingate for Udal's services as acting A.D.C. (780/4/14); testimonials from Sudan officials (780/4/18-23); congratulations on a C.B.E. for Udal (780/4/24-29); notification from J.G. Matthew of Udal's retirement on medical grounds (780/4/31-32); farewell letters and telegrams from fellow colleagues and Sudanese friends (780/4/33-45,48-57); Udal to Sir Wasey Sterry re discussions with Sayyid `Ali al-Mirghani on prospects for a treaty with Egypt, the likely outcome of allowing the return of an Egyptian battalion to the Sudan and the failure of British officials to solicit his views (780/4/46-47); congratulations on Udal's appointment as Bursar of Clifton College, Bristol (780/4/58-61); testimonials and farewell letters on leaving Clifton College (780/4/62-69)
SAD.780/9/1-6
1918 Sep 3
Transcript by H. Keown-Boyd of a letter from his father A.W. Keown-Boyd, Private Secretary to Sir Reginald Wingate, probably to his parents, describing in some detail a visit to Jerusalem in the company of NRU.
SAD.780/5/1-14
1924 Nov 30 - Dec 5
Letters from Udal to his parents concerning his experiences during the mutiny of the 11th Sudanese battalion in Khartoum and its aftermath
SAD.780/5/15
1927 Mar 2
Warrant authorising Udal to act as Chief Commissioner of the Boy Scouts for the Sudan
SAD.780/5/16-19
[1930]
Account of celebrations to mark Udal's departure from the Sudan
SAD.780/6/1-73
1940 Feb - 1964 Jan 29
Personal correspondence to Udal chiefly from friends and former associates in the Sudan, including `Ali Bedri re his appointment as Minister of Health in 1948 (780/6/5-7); Abd al-Rahman Ali Taha re his appointment as Minister of Education in 1948 (780/6/8-9); Sir Reginald Wingate and Sir James Robertson re Udal's retirement from the secretaryship of the Athenaeum (780/6/10-12); Udal to Sir Winston Churchill offering him a Hadendowa spear which was captured at Kerreri, from Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi, with replies (780/6/23-26); R.H. Turton re British imports of Sudanese cotton (780/6/29-30); note of testimonies of Khalafalla Khalid and Mirghani Hamza during the trial of Muhammad Mekki, editor of El Nass newspaper, enclosed in letter from R.H. Turton (780/6/31-36); Nasr al-Hag `Ali re his appointment as vice-chancellor of Khartoum University (780/6/44); Muhammad al-Hasan Diab re the progress of public works in the Sudan (780/6/52-53,65-68); Sir Geoffry Archer re the forthcoming publication of his book The story of the Sudan … (780/6/62-63); L. Sanderson and Sir Christopher Cox re early Education Department reports (780/6/69-71)
3. Articles, Speeches
SAD.780/7/7-33
1929-1930
Texts of farewell speeches made to Udal on the announcement of his retirement and his departure from the Sudan by J.G. Matthew, Secretary for Education and Health, Magzub `Ali Hasseib, `Abd al-Karim Muhammad, al-Tayyib `Abd al-Qadir, representative of the first year students, Ahmad `Uthman al-Qadir, Muhammad al-Hasan Diab, headmaster Omdurman primary school, Shaikh Omer Ishak of the Sudan Schools Club and Muhammad al-Mustafa al-Awad, representing the boys of the Gordon College workshops
SAD.780/7/34-39
1935 May 3
Text of a speech by Sir James Currie to the Oxford Luncheon Club on the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, with covering letter to Udal
SAD.817/1/1-10
1939 Oct 29
Copy of an address by Udal on “The Gordon College, Khartoum”, presented at Winchester College Chapel
SAD.780/7/1-6
[1952]
Address by Udal on the history of the Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum
4. Miscellanea
SAD.780/7/40-41
1930 Mar 8
“al-Qasida al-Wataniyah”, a verse in praise of Udal by S. Hillelson, delivered at a party in Udal's honour held at the Omdurman Graduates' Club
Language: Arabic and English
SAD.780/7/42-43
1930
Flier for W.H. McLean's Regional and town planning in principle and practice (London, 1930)
SAD.780/7/44-47
1964 Mar 19
Order of service for a memorial service for Udal (d. 27 Feb 1964), with copy of Sir Angus Gillan's address
5. Photographic Material
(i) Albums
SAD.778/8/1-41
Album of postcards and photographs, chiefly of Khartoum:
SAD.778/8/1
Tram central station, Khartoum, looking south-west ( Sudan Times A22)
SAD.778/8/2
Gordon College from the river (tinted, Victoria Stationery)
SAD.778/8/3
Dura market, Khartoum, looking north, with mosque in background ( Sudan Times B21)
SAD.778/8/4
View of Khartoum (G.P. Zorzopoulos)
SAD.778/8/5
The Palace, south view ( Sudan Times A8)
SAD.778/8/6
The law courts, Khartoum (G.P. Zozopoulos)
SAD.778/8/7
Gordon College in 1908 (G.P. Zozopoulos)
SAD.778/8/8
War office, Khartoum (tinted, Victoria Stationery)
SAD.778/8/9
The Khalifa's House, Omdurman, “now occupied by the Inspector of Omdurman” (tinted, G.N. Morhig 453)
SAD.778/8/10
Civil hospital, Khartoum (tinted, G.N. Morhig 430)
SAD.778/8/11
Grand hotel, Khartoum on the river front (tinted, G.N. Morhig 423)
SAD.778/8/12
The Sudan Club, Khartoum (tinted, G.N. Morhig 421
SAD.778/8/13
Bridge across the Blue Nile (tinted, Victoria Stationery)
SAD.778/8/14
The Mahdi's tomb, Omdurman, after the bombardment (tinted, G.N. Morhig 451)
SAD.778/8/15
General view, Khartoum, east, looking towards Gordon College (tinted, G.N. Morhig 434)
SAD.778/8/16
Khartoum Cathedral
SAD.778/8/17
Sudan Government steamers Sudan and Great Britain on the Nile ( The African World)
SAD.778/8/18
A former home of Udal, from the south, taken c.1909
SAD.778/8/19
Boys on parade in front of Gordon College, c.1910 (Taken by Udal)
SAD.778/8/20
A crowded landing-place on the Nile near Khartoum looking west ( Sudan Times D25)
SAD.778/8/21
Gordon College Nov 1919 (Taken by M.W. Parr)
SAD.778/8/22
Gordon College, c.1908 (Taken by Udal)
SAD.778/8/23
Corridor in Gordon College, Nov 1919 (Taken by Udal)
SAD.778/8/24
Group of boys in front of Gordon College showing Udal's office window to the right of the steps, Nov 1919 (Taken by Udal)
SAD.778/8/25
View of Gordon College from the quad, Nov 1919 (Taken by Udal)
SAD.778/5/26
Gordon College boys drawn up on parade on Armistice Day. The head of the school is reading the King's message; Udal standing behind him
SAD.778/8/27
Gordon College from the roof, Nov 1919 (Taken by M.W. Parr)
SAD.778/8/28
Gordon College boys drawn up on parade on Armistice Day while Udal reads the King's telegram
SAD.778/8/29
Gordon College boys on parade, c.1910 (Taken by Udal)
SAD.778/8/30
View of Gordon College drive from the quad, Nov 1919 (Taken by Udal)
SAD.778/8/31
The Palace, from the river, c.1908 (Taken by Udal)
SAD.778/8/32
Rear view of Udal's house, Nov 1919 (Taken by Udal)
SAD.778/8/33
Udal's house from the south showing the tennis lawn, Nov 1919 (Taken by Udal)
SAD.778/8/34
View of Gordon College quad from the football fields, Nov 1919 (Taken by Udal)
SAD.778/8/35
Unidentified
SAD.778/8/36
Some of the college football fields, Nov 1919 (Taken by Udal)
SAD.778/8/37
Udal's house showing the new piece of garden to the west of the house
SAD.778/8/38
Group of boy scouts with Withers, J.W. Crowfoot and Udal seated centre
SAD.778/8/39
Two Gordon College boys sitting on the steps of Udal's house
SAD.778/8/40
Udal's former house, c.1909 (Taken by Udal)
SAD.778/8/41
Group of Shilluk men, Upper Nile ( The African World)
SAD.778/10/1-215
1906 - 1915, 1929
Album of photographs covering Udal's early career at Gordon College in Khartoum and journeys to and from home on leave. Contact prints have been made from an original album still in the possession of the Udal family and arranged here in the same order:
SAD.778/10/1,6
Views of Khartoum from the Blue Nile, 1906
SAD.778/10/2,4
Gordon College, 1906
SAD.778/10/3
Khartoum Avenue with the Palace at the top, 1906
SAD.778/10/5
Khartoum Palace, from the river, 1906
SAD.778/10/7-8
Sudan Club, Khartoum, 1906
SAD.778/10/9
Udal's first house in Khartoum, 1906
SAD.778/10/10
Khartoum zoo and tennis courts, 1906
SAD.778/10/11
View of Omdurman from the Nile, 1906
SAD.778/10/12
Saqiyah in Khartoum, 1906
SAD.778/10/13
Shaikhs on parade at Gordon College, 1907
SAD.778/10/14
Gazelle in Khartoum zoo, 1906
SAD.778/10/15
Gordon statue, 1906
SAD.778/10/16
Sirdar, Sir Reginald Wingate and staff at military review, 1907
SAD.778/10/17
Cavalry trotting past the Sirdar, 1907
SAD.778/10/18
Colonel Bernard and Slatin in carriage at Gordon College, 1907
SAD.778/10/19
Two golf caddies, 1907
SAD.778/10/20
Omdurman ferry, 1907
SAD.778/10/21
Khartoum cricket ground, 1907
SAD.778/10/22-23
Family at Um Gir near Ed Dueim
SAD.778/10/24,26
Khartoum agricultural show, 1907
SAD.778/10/25
Ruined carriage outside Khalifa's house, Omdurman, 1907
SAD.778/10/27
L. to R.: ‘Sandy’ [J.R.P. Sandford?], A.M. Asquith and Udal, 1906
SAD.778/10/28
Johnnie Hawksley at Sudan Club, 1906
SAD.778/10/29
Asquith in Khalifa's house, 1906
SAD.778/10/30
'Peter', Udal's donkey, 1906
SAD.778/10/31
Udal on 'Peter', 1906
SAD.778/10/32
Sudan Club during a habub, 1907
SAD.778/10/33
Omdurman donkey boys, 1907
SAD.778/10/34
Wash day on the river bank at Omdurman
SAD.778/10/35
Felucca on the White Nile, 1907
SAD.778/10/36
Girls at Omdurman, 1907
SAD.778/10/37
Ruins of the Mahdi's tomb, Omdurman, 1907
SAD.778/10/38
Omdurman riverfront, 1907
SAD.778/10/39
Two boys log-riding on the White Nile
SAD.778/10/40
View of Omdurman including the Mahdi's tomb, from the roof of the Khalifa's house, 1907
SAD.778/10/41,43,45
Drawing water from well in Omdurman, 1907
SAD.778/10/42
House in Omdurman with decorated door, 1907
SAD.778/10/44
Inspector's house, Omdurman, 1907
SAD.778/10/46
‘Sandy’ [J.R.P. Sandford?], 1907
SAD.778/10/47
Boys on parade at Gordon College, 1907
SAD.778/10/48
Muhammad `Abd al-Qadir, 1907
SAD.778/10/49
Buseiri, 1907
SAD.778/10/50
Muhammad Muhammad `Ali, 1907
SAD.778/10/51
`Ali Haidar al-Haj, 1907
SAD.778/10/52
Group of boys at Gordon College, 1907
SAD.778/10/53
`Abd Allah Wad Najumi, 1907
SAD.778/10/54
Hasan Mudathir, 1907 (later Grand Qadi)
SAD.778/10/55
Khalil Bakr Mustafa, 1907
SAD.778/10/56
Group of shaikhs at Gordon College, 1907
SAD.778/10/57
Military cadets, 1907
SAD.778/10/58-59
Picnic on White Nile. L. to R.: Udal, Ruth, Mrs Char[ington], Char[rington]
SAD.778/10/60
Udal, 1908
SAD.778/10/61
Udal at Gordon College, 1908
SAD.778/10/62
Udal's first room in Khartoum, 1906
SAD.778/10/63
Girl at Um Gir
SAD.778/10/64
Dancing girl
SAD.778/10/65,68
Pat Munro on horseback, 1909
SAD.778/10/66
Eric Hussey on horseback, 1909
SAD.778/10/67
Darfur horse, 1909
SAD.778/10/69
Camels resting at Omdurman, 1909
SAD.778/10/70
Kawa, 1907
SAD.778/10/72
Peter, the donkey, 1907
SAD.778/10/73
Picnic at Kerreri, 1909
SAD.778/10/74
Croquet at the Palace, Khartoum, 1909
SAD.778/10/75
Group including Udal outside the Grand Hotel, Khartoum 1909
SAD.778/10/76
Eric Hussey and Udal, wearing tarbushes, 1910
SAD.778/10/77
‘Bunny’ Morris [T.J. Morris?], R.K. Winter, Udal, A.B.B. Howell and Eric Hussey, 1910
SAD.778/10/78
Feluccas at Omdurman, 1906
SAD.778/10/79
Horse race?
SAD.778/10/80
‘Sandy’ [J.R.P. Sandford?],1906
SAD.778/10/81
Verandah of Sudan Club, 1906
SAD.778/10/82
Family group under tree at Omdurman
SAD.778/10/83
Amery and Udal, 1910
SAD.778/10/84
Yahya with Menelik (horse), 1910
SAD.778/10/85
Omdurman ferry, 1910
SAD.778/10/86
Picnic. M. Maurice, Udal, Mr. Charrington, Mrs. Charrington. Khartoum, 1908
SAD.778/10/87
Dollie, 1908
SAD.778/10/88-90
Family and friends at Frensham
SAD.778/10/91
Khartoum landing area, 1908
SAD.778/10/92
Udal, Dollie, Billy and Eric Hussey on donkeys
SAD.778/10/93
Mrs. Charrington and Ruth Partridge in carriages
SAD.778/10/94
Udal, Eric Hussey and Dollie on board ship
SAD.778/10/95-97
Ina and Dorothy at Seagrove
SAD.778/10/98-106
Khartoum sports (Ed Dueim)
SAD.778/10/98,104
Sack race
SAD.778/10/99
Gordon College football, 1906
SAD.778/10/100,103, 106
Camel race, Ed Dueim, 1907
SAD.778/10/101
Spectators at Ed Dueim, 1907
SAD.778/10/102,105
Horse race, Ed Dueim, 1907
SAD.778/10/107-108
Osman, 1909
SAD.778/10/109
Umar al-Amin, 1906
SAD.778/10/110
Gordon College football XI, 1907
SAD.778/10/112
Mudassir's family, 1907
SAD.778/10/113
Gordon College special squad, 1908
SAD.778/10/114-117
Sir Eldon Gorst's visit to Gordon College, 1908 778/10/118 Cadets at Khartoum Military School, 1908
SAD.778/10/119
Ahmad Mudassir and Umar Ahmad Fadl, 1908
SAD.778/10/120
Muhammad `Abd al-Qadir, 1908
SAD.778/10/121
Muhammad al-Haj al-Amin, 1908
SAD.778/10/122
Gordon College football XI, 1908
SAD.778/10/123-125
Port Said, journey home, 1909
SAD.778/10/126-129
On board ship, journey home 1909, including Udal
SAD.778/10/130
Udal with Evelyn Foster, his niece
SAD.778/10/131-133
Vi Twining, Evelyn etc. at Frensham Hill
SAD.778/10/134
Scott-Moncrieff, 1906 (murdered at Tujr, 1908)
SAD.778/10/135-136
Udal's father in Antigua
SAD.778/10/137
Udal's parents with Ida, 1909
SAD.778/10/138
Evelyn, 1909
SAD.778/10/139
Udal and Eric Hussey at Shepheards, 1910
SAD.778/10/140
Gordon College rounders team, 1910
SAD.778/10/141
Shaikhs' team, 1910
SAD.778/10/142
Taib
SAD.778/10/143
Harry
SAD.778/10/144
Son of Sultan at Gordon College, 1910
SAD.778/10/145
Young shaikhs at Gordon College, 1910
SAD.778/10/146
Muhammad `Abd al-Qadir, Gordon College Captain of football, 1910
SAD.778/10/147
Umar Ahmad Fadl, son of Amir Ahmad Fadl
SAD.778/10/148
Ubayd, 1910
SAD.778/10/149
Taib Yaqub, son of Amir Yaqub
SAD.778/10/150-153
On board ship, journey out, 1910
SAD.778/10/154
Ubayd al-Nur and Yusuf, 1910
SAD.778/10/155
Udal's house in Khartoum, 1910
SAD.778/10/156
Eric Hussey on horseback
SAD.778/10/157
`Abd al-Qadir Sharif
SAD.778/10/158-159
Omdurman street children, 1910
SAD.778/10/160
Shaikhs from Rufa`a, 1911
SAD.778/10/161
Arab girl
SAD.778/10/162
Eric Oliver, Dolly, Udal and Colin Giffard
SAD.778/10/163
Dollie and Billy
SAD.778/10/164
Udal, Potter, Ferrar and Boyle at Wad Medani, 1911
SAD.778/10/165
Udal's mother
SAD.778/10/166
Guy Pawson on board ship, 1910
SAD.778/10/167
Udal and Victor ?, 1910
SAD.778/10/168
Dollie
SAD.778/10/169
Young shaikhs at Gordon College, 1911
SAD.778/10/172
Ahmad Muhammad, Gordon College, 1911 (later Kaid al-Am, 1954)
SAD.778/10/173-174
Habub in Khartoum, 1911
SAD.778/10/175
Messiriyyah girls
SAD.778/10/176-177
Rufa`a sports
SAD.778/10/178
A.J. Webb, 1914
SAD.778/10/180
Gilbert Ashton and Udal at Winchester College, 1914
SAD.778/10/181
Sir John Struthers and Udal on donkeys at Rufa`a, 1914
SAD.778/10/182
Udal at Halfa
SAD.778/10/183-190
First King's Day at Gordon College, 17 Jan 1914
SAD.778/10/183
James Currie shaking hands with Sir Reginald Wingate
SAD.778/10/184-185;
Spectators at sports
SAD.778/10/188
778/10/186 Lady Wingate presenting prizes. L. to R.: M.F.S., Udal, Lady Wingate, Sir Reginald Wingate
SAD.778/10/187
James Currie and Sir Reginald Wingate in front of boys
SAD.778/10/189-190
Races
SAD.778/10/191-196
Erkowit, 1915
SAD.778/10/191
Lady Wingate and Sir Reginald Wingate
SAD.778/10/192
Governor-General's staff - Symes, Edwards, Rees-Mogg, Udal standing behind the Wingates
SAD.778/10/193
Frank Edwards, A.D.C. to Sir Reginald
SAD.778/10/194
Udal
SAD.778/10/195-196
Views of Erkowit
SAD.778/10/197-200
Cyprus, 1915, including Udal
SAD.778/10/201
Gordon college scouts, 1915
SAD.778/10/203
Rees-Mogg and Edwards outside the Palace, 1915
SAD.778/10/204
Udal
SAD.778/10/205
Guy Pawson, 1915
SAD.778/10/206
Rufa`a boys at Gordon College
SAD.778/10/207
Boys in quadrangle at Gordon College, 11 Nov 1919
SAD.778/10/208
Clive Pawson
SAD.778/10/209
Tokar boys, 1918
SAD.778/10/210
Umar in scout's uniform
SAD.778/10/211
E.M. Oliver, mother of M.R.U.
SAD.778/10/212-213
Udal's house and garden in Khartoum, 1920
SAD.778/10/214
Nuba girls at Dilling, 1929
SAD.778/11/1-109
1919-1923
Album of photographs covering Udal's service at Gordon College, Khartoum, but including some photographs of Egypt. Contact prints have been made from an original album still in the possession of the Udal family and arranged here in the same order:
SAD.778/11/1
Udal at Alexandria, 1920
SAD.778/11/2
T.A. Leach, Governor Halfa
SAD.778/11/3-4
Wadi Halfa
SAD.778/11/5
Blue Nile at Khartoum
SAD.778/11/6
The Nile at Omdurman
SAD.778/11/7
Khartoum Cathedral, 1920
SAD.778/11/8
The Palace, Khartoum
SAD.778/11/9
Omdurman suq
SAD.778/11/10
Feluccas on the Nile at Omdurman
SAD.778/11/11
Udal's house
SAD.778/11/12-13
Khartoum regatta, 25 Feb 1920
SAD.778/11/14-15
Udal, 1920
SAD.778/11/16
Mrs. Udal [M.R.U.], 1920
SAD.778/11/17-18
Sailing boats, Khartoum regatta
SAD.778/11/19-25
White Nile, Mar 1920
SAD.778/11/19
Saqiyah, Khartoum
SAD.778/11/20
Ed Dueim suq, 1920
SAD.778/11/21
Shilluk with spears and shields, Jebelein 1920
SAD.778/11/22
S.S. Umona, 1919
SAD.778/11/23
Governor's steamer, Ed Dueim, 1920
SAD.778/11/24
Felucca, White Nile
SAD.778/11/25
Dueim, 1920
SAD.778/11/26
Abu Simbel, 1920
SAD.778/11/27
Udal on deck of steamer
SAD.778/11/28
Shilluk men
SAD.778/11/29
Udal on horseback
SAD.778/11/30
Riverbank at Geteina
SAD.778/11/31
Maj W. Marshall and Udal, 1920
SAD.778/11/32
Group in Udal's garden - Udal, Sharif Yusuf al-Hindi, Shaikh Abul Qasim, Mufti, C.A. Willis, Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman, M.R.U., C.Willis, Jan 1921
SAD.778/11/33
Udal's garden
SAD.778/11/34
Sharif Yusuf al-Hindi
SAD.778/11/35
Mufti and Abul Qasim
SAD.778/11/36
M.R.U. with golden crested cranes
SAD.778/11/37
Simmy, M.R.U., Marcus and Simey
SAD.778/11/38
Eric Udal, aged 11 months
SAD.778/11/39
House at 16 Sharia el Madrassa
SAD.778/11/40
Nanny, Eric and Marcus
SAD.778/11/41
Nurses and children
SAD.778/11/42
Eric and Marcus
SAD.778/11/43
Munira College, Cairo
SAD.778/11/44
Garden, Cairo
SAD.778/11/45
Marcus in garden
SAD.778/11/46
Udal in levée kit
SAD.778/11/47
Udal on horseback
SAD.778/11/48-50
Eric at 10 months
SAD.778/11/51
Eric Hussey, Udal and M.R.U. at Gordon's tree
SAD.778/11/52
M.R.U. and Udal
SAD.778/11/53-55
Gordon College football, 1921
SAD.778/11/56
Unidentified
SAD.778/11/57
Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman and brother
SAD.778/11/58-61
Eric at 1 year
SAD.778/11/62
Mrs. MacMichael on horseback
SAD.778/11/63-64
Eric at 14 months
SAD.778/11/65,68
Udal's garden
SAD.778/11/66
Udal's house
SAD.778/11/67
Udal and Eric Hussey
SAD.778/11/69
Tennis tournament
SAD.778/11/70
Khartoum bridge
SAD.778/11/71-79
Bourée, Khartoum, Feb 1923
SAD.778/11/71
Sharif Yusuf's house
SAD.778/11/72
Sharif Yusuf al-Hindi at Burri
SAD.778/11/73-74
Eric at 15 months
SAD.778/11/75-76
Picnic
SAD.778/11/77
House and garden at Cairo
SAD.778/11/78
Frederick
SAD.778/11/79
Eric, 15 May 1923
SAD.778/11/80-88
Alexandria, 1923
SAD.778/11/80-81
Eric at 18 months
SAD.778/11/82,85
Villa Alaya
SAD.778/11/83
At Abouchir
SAD.778/11/84
Eric at 19 months
SAD.778/11/86
Abouchir
SAD.778/11/87
Mrs McLean with Udal and M.R.U.
SAD.778/11/88
Stanley Bay
SAD.778/11/89
Udal with Slatin Pasha (Dec 1926?)
SAD.778/11/90
Gordon College pupils - shaikhs' sons
SAD.778/11/91-92
Udal's house and garden, Khartoum
SAD.778/11/93-109
Gordon College football competition and staff at Gordon College
SAD.778/11/107
Udal and boys in front of Gordon College (?)
SAD.778/11/109
Udal and Eric
SAD.778/12/1-63
1925
Album of photographs covering Udal's life in Khartoum as well as trips to Blue Nile Province and Suakin. Selected contact prints made from an original album still in the possession of the Udal family:
SAD.778/12/1
Mahdi's tomb, Omdurman
SAD.778/12/2-5
Views of Rufa`a, 1925
SAD.778/12/6
Livestock and women in shade of tree, Wad Medani, 1925
SAD.778/12/7
M.R.U. on the ferry at Wad Medani
SAD.778/12/8
Helen and Guy Pawson
SAD.778/12/9-17
Views of Sennar Dam, 1925
SAD.778/12/15
Major Bell at Sennar Dam, 1925
SAD.778/12/18-20,25
Singa zoo
SAD.778/12/21
M.R.U. at Singa, 1925
SAD.778/12/22
Governor's house, Singa
SAD.778/12/23
M.R.U. in sunt forest, 1925
SAD.778/12/24,26,28
M.R.U.
SAD.778/12/27
Udal, Khartoum, 1925
SAD.778/12/29
Udal as Commissioner of Scouts
SAD.778/12/30-33,41
Gordon College scouts
SAD.778/12/34-35
Yaqub and his baby, Khartoum
SAD.778/12/36-37
Udal's house and garden
SAD.778/12/38-40
Views of the Blue Nile at Khartoum
SAD.778/12/42
Corbyn and M.R.U. at Jabal Surgum
SAD.778/12/43
Udal and M.R.U. at Jabal Surgum
SAD.778/12/44
Governor's lunch, Khartoum
SAD.778/12/45
Donkeys with hay, Omdurman
SAD.778/12/46-49
Scouts at the Palace, 1925
SAD.778/12/50-52
Yaqub and his children
SAD.778/12/53
M.R.U. on donkey, Omdurman
SAD.778/12/54-57
Girls' school, Omdurman
SAD.778/12/58
Muhafazah, Suakin
SAD.778/12/59
Schoolboys, Suakin
SAD.778/12/60
Kitchener gate, Suakin
SAD.778/12/61
City wall, Suakin
SAD.778/12/62
Udal, Suakin, 1925
SAD.778/12/63
Gordon's gate, Suakin
SAD.778/13/1-27
1925-1945
Album of photographs, chiefly from Udal's service at Gordon College. Selected contact prints made from an original album still in the possession of the Udal family:
SAD.778/13/1-3
Sudan Schools' Club teaparty, 8 Mar 1930
SAD.778/13/4
Sudan Schools' Club committee, 1930. Udal seated centre
SAD.778/13/5
Sudan Schools' Club, 1930
SAD.778/13/6
Family of the Mahdi at Omdurman, Mar 1930. Back row includes Muhammad Khalifa Sharif and `Abdallah al-Fadl. Seated are Udal and (centre) Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi
SAD.778/13/7
Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman's tea party at Wad Nubawi, 7 Mar 1930
SAD.778/13/8
Family of the Regent of Kedah, Malay States
SAD.778/13/9
Visit of the Regent of Kedah to Khartoum, 1925
SAD.778/13/10
Gordon College teaparty, Mar 1930
SAD.778/13/11-13
Slatin at Gordon College, 1926
SAD.778/13/14
Gordon College special squad on display in the quadrangle, 1927
SAD.778/13/15
Aerial view of Khatoum, 1930
SAD.778/13/16
Habub approaching Khartoum Palace
SAD.778/13/17
Sudan dinner, 1936
SAD.778/13/18
Sudan dinner, 1945
SAD.778/13/19
Aerial view of Omdurman, 1930
SAD.778/13/20
Aerial view of Suakin, 1930
SAD.778/13/21-22
Gordon College, 1930
SAD.778/13/23
Teaparty at the Grand Hotel, Khartoum, 1952
SAD.778/13/24
Gordon College boys, 1930
SAD.778/13/25
Gordon College and Education Department staff, 1930
SAD.778/13/26
Coronation procession, 1937
SAD.778/13/27
Udal with two Sudanese, probably the Sudan Ambassador in London and another, late 1950's or early 1960's
SAD.778/14/1-66
1910, 1924-1954
Album of photographs covering Udal's life in Khartoum from 1924 - 1926, with one loose photograph from 1910 and several of Udal in retirement from 1951-1954. Contact prints have been made from an original album in the possession of the Udal family and arranged here in the same order:
SAD.778/14/2
Group of nurses
SAD.778/14/3
Udal on board ship, c.1910
SAD.778/14/4-9
Views of Suakin including Kitchener's gate
SAD.778/14/10
Udal and M.R.U. on donkeys at Omdurman
SAD.778/14/11
Suakin
SAD.778/14/12-13
Boys in classroom, possibly Gordon College
SAD.778/14/14
Isobel Simpson
SAD.778/14/15-16
Simpson family
SAD.778/14/17-21
Khartoum mutiny, 1924
SAD.778/14/22-23
Visit of H.R.H. Duke and Duchess of York, 1925
SAD.778/14/24-26
Visit of Slatin Pasha to Gordon College, 1926
SAD.778/14/27-31
Sir John Maffey inspecting scouts
SAD.778/14/32-33,35
Unidentified dam
SAD.778/14/34
Spectators at college sports (?)
SAD.778/14/36-37
Unidentified
SAD.778/14/38
Interior of All Saints Cathedral, Khartoum
SAD.778/14/39
Gordon's statue
SAD.778/14/40-41
The Palace, Khartoum
SAD.778/14/42
Gordon's statue, floodlit
SAD.778/14/43-45
Unidentified
SAD.778/14/46-54
Benghazi
SAD.778/14/55-59
Cyrene, 1951
SAD.778/14/60-64
Pisa, 1954
SAD.778/14/65
Udal
SAD.778/14/66
Udal and M.R.U.
SAD.778/15/1-24
1926-1927
Album of photographs covering Udal and family in Khartoum and Sinkat, with leave in the U.K. and Palestine. Contact prints of an original album still in the possession of the Udal family and arranged here in the same order:
SAD.778/15/1-4
Hythe, 1926 - M.R.U., Eric and John
SAD.778/15/5-6
Slatin's visit to Gordon College, Nov 1926
SAD.778/15/7-8
Sinkat
SAD.778/15/9
Boys on parade outside Gordon College, 1926
SAD.778/15/10
Udal
SAD.778/15/11
Suakin notables at Sinkat
SAD.778/15/12
M.R.U., 1927
SAD.778/15/13
Udal, 1927
SAD.778/15/14-15
Udal and M.R.U. at Gordon's tree, Khartoum
SAD.778/15/16-18
Bethlehem, 1927
SAD.778/15/19
Jaffa gate
SAD.778/15/20-23
Jerusalem, 1927
SAD.778/15/20
House of Humphrey Bowman, Director of Education, Palestine
SAD.778/15/21,25
Dome of the rock
SAD.778/15/22-23
Samaria
SAD.778/15/23
Rachel's well
SAD.778/15/24
Golden gate, Jerusalem
(ii) Loose photographs
SAD.1/3/5
[c.1920]
L. to R.: E.S. Fiddes, J.N. Richardson, M.W. Parr, A.J.T. Fleming-Sandes and N. Field
SAD.778/16/1
[1920-1930]
Bishop Llewellyn Gwynne
SAD.1/3/1
[c.1927]
Baron R.K. von Slatin Pasha with M.R.U. on the steps of the Udal's home, Khartoum
SAD.1/3/2-3
1937 Jun
Gen. Sir F.R. Wingate (centre front), with a party of distinguished Sudanese at Regent's Park Zoo. Udal is standing to the left of Wingate, Siddiq al-Mahdi to his right and Lady Wingate on his right. Also included are Muhammad Salah Shangeiti, Abd `Allah Khalil and Dr. Fadl al-Bushra. Udal's son John, aged 11, is standing in front of Lady Wingate. (Photo taken by MRU)
SAD.1/3/4
1944
Postcard of a habub over the British fort ( Sudan Times F27), sent to Udal by Gen. Sir Reginald Wingate on the anniversary of the Battle of Omdurman
SAD.778/16/2
1961 Mar 17
Udal and M.R.U. with Maj. Gen. Hasen Beshir Nasr at a reception in his honour given by the Military Attaché at the Sudan Embassy (Photo by N. Karakashian)
SAD.778/16/3
1961 Dec
Ansari at `Id celebrations, sent with Christmas greetings to Udal from al-Sayyid `Abd Allahi al-Fadl al-Mahdi
SAD.778/16/4
1963 Nov 19
Udal and M.R.U. with the Sudan Ambassador and his wife at an Embassy reception
SAD.778/16/5
1964 Jan 5
Ansari at `Id celebrations, sent with Christmas greetings to Udal by al-Sayyid `Abd Allahi al-Fadl al-Mahdi
6. Newspaper Cuttings
SAD.780/8/1-2
1925
Obituaries for John Symonds Udal, father of Udal, from The Bridport News
SAD.780/8/3-4
1952 Feb 20
Local vernacular press summary, issued by the Public Relations Branch
SAD.780/8/5-7
1952 Jun 10 - Aug 20
Talks in Alexandria between the Sudanese delegation under Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi and the Egyptian P.M., from The Times
SAD.780/8/8
1952 Sep 28
Interview with Sayyid `Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi in London, from The Sunday Times
SAD.780/8/9
1952 Nov 8
50th anniversary of Gordon Memorial College, from The Times
SAD.780/8/10-14
1953 Jan 29 - Feb 3
The death of General Sir Reginald Wingate, from the Scotsman and The Times
SAD.780/8/15
1953 May 7
The death of Sir Robert Archibald, from The Times
SAD.780/8/16
1953 Aug 24
Umma Party conference and details of agreement with the Egyptian Government, from The Times
SAD.780/8/17-18; 780/8/20-39
1953 Aug 25 - Nov 12
Sudan elections, from The Times, The Manchester Guardian, Daily Telegraph, Daily Express, Evening Standard and Daily Mail
SAD.780/8/19
1953 Sep 12
“High-level dispute in Egypt. Moslem brotherhood and junta at odds”, from The Manchester Guardian
SAD.780/8/24
1956
Letter to The Times from Mirza Ismail in praise of British rule in the Sudan
SAD.780/8/20
1958 Jan 15
Death of Bishop Gwynne, from the Daily Telegraph
SAD.780/8/21
1958 Mar 8
“Election campaigning with the Mahdi's family”, from The Times
SAD.780/8/22-23
1959 Jun 5
Obituary for Sir Kinahan Cornwallis, from The Times, with draft letter of response by Udal
7. Museum Objects
SAD.781/10/1-3
Three `agals for securing Arab headdress
Index terms
Objects
8. Printed Material
SAD.780/8/25-32
1898 Dec 10
Punch no.2996, v.115, including sketch of Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum
(b) In Library

Durham University Library
Printed material deposited with collection; now integrated into library and catalogued on OPAC.
Currie, James: “Present day difficulties of a young officer in the tropics”, repr. from The Colonial Services Club magazine (1932)
Currie, James: “The educational experiment in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 1930-33”, repr. from Journal of the African Society
Gordon Memorial College Trust Fund: Statement of accounts for year ended 31st December 1959 (Dupl.) [London, 1960]
Hadarat el Sudan, 12 Mar 1930
Hussey, E.R.J., Tropical Africa 1908-1944. Memoirs of a period (London, 1959)
McLean, W.H., Regional and town planning in principle and practice (Dedication to N.R. Udal by the author) (London 1930)
Udal, N.R., Education in the Northern Sudan (Paper presented at the Estratto Dagli Atti Dell' VIII Convegno at Rome, 4-11 Oct 1938) (Rome 1940)
Wingate, F.R., “The story of the Gordon College”, repr. from The story of the Cape to Cairo railway and river route, 1887-1925 vol 4 (Dedication to N.R. Udal by the author)